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Differential absorption lidar measurements of water vapor by the High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO): retrieval framework and first results
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Differential absorption lidar measurements of water vapor by the High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO): retrieval framework and first results
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Journal Article
Differential absorption lidar measurements of water vapor by the High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO): retrieval framework and first results
2022
Overview
Airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) offers a uniquely capable solution to the problem of measuring water vapor (WV) with high precision, accuracy, and resolution throughout the troposphere and
lower stratosphere. The High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO) airborne WV
DIAL was recently developed at NASA Langley Research Center and was first
deployed in 2019. It uses four wavelengths near 935 nm to achieve
sensitivity over a wide dynamic range and simultaneously employs 1064 nm
backscatter and 532 nm high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) measurements
for aerosol and cloud profiling. A key component of the WV retrieval
framework is flexibly trading resolution for precision to achieve optimal
datasets for scientific objectives across scales. An approach to retrieving
WV in the lowest few hundred meters of the atmosphere using the strong
surface return signal is also presented. The five maiden flights of the HALO WV DIAL spanned the tropics through
midlatitudes with a wide range of atmospheric conditions, but opportunities
for validation were sparse. Comparisons to dropsonde WV profiles were
qualitatively in good agreement, though statistical analysis was impossible
due to systematic error in the dropsonde measurements. Comparison of HALO to in situ WV measurements aboard the aircraft showed no substantial bias
across 3 orders of magnitude, despite variance (R2=0.66) that
may be largely attributed to spatiotemporal variability. Precipitable water
vapor measurements from the spaceborne sounders AIRS and IASI compared very
well to HALO with R2>0.96 over ocean.
