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Mechanisms of bacterial persistence during stress and antibiotic exposure
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Journal Article
Mechanisms of bacterial persistence during stress and antibiotic exposure
2016
Overview
Bacterial persister cells avoid antibiotic-induced death by entering a physiologically dormant state and are considered a major cause of antibiotic treatment failure and relapsing infections. Such dormant cells form stochastically, but also in response to environmental cues, by various pathways that are usually controlled by the second messenger (p)ppGpp. For example, toxin-antitoxin modules have been shown to play a major role in persister formation in many model systems. More generally, the diversity of molecular mechanisms driving persister formation is increasingly recognized as the cause of physiological heterogeneity that underlies collective multistress and multidrug tolerance of persister subpopulations. In this Review, we summarize the current state of the field and highlight recent findings, with a focus on the molecular basis of persister formation and heterogeneity.
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science,The American Association for the Advancement of Science
Subject
Adaptation, Physiological - genetics
/ Adaptation, Physiological - physiology
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
/ Bacteria
/ Bacterial Infections - drug therapy
/ Bacterial Infections - microbiology
/ Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
/ Bacterial Toxins - antagonists & inhibitors
/ Bacterial Toxins - metabolism
/ Biofilms
/ Cues
/ Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
/ E coli
/ Elementary Secondary Education
/ Guanosine Pentaphosphate - metabolism
/ Pathways
/ Stress, Physiological - genetics
/ Stress, Physiological - physiology
/ Toxins
