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Defining the sizes of airborne particles that mediate influenza transmission in ferrets

by Zhou, Jie , Lindsley, William G. , Rowlands, Dewi K. , Li, Yuguo , Wei, Jianjian , Peiris, Malik , Sia, Sin Fun , Wu, Chung-Yi , Yu, Dan , McDevitt, James , Cowling, Benjamin J. , Yen, Hui-Ling , Choy, Ka-Tim

in Air - analysis / Air Microbiology / Airborne particulates / Animal diseases / Animals / Biological Sciences / Disease transmission / Epidemics / Ferrets / Fever / Humans / Influenza / Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - chemistry / Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - genetics / Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - physiology / Influenza, Human - transmission / Influenza, Human - virology / Inoculation / Male / Microbiology / Nuclei / Pandemics / Particle size / PNAS Plus / Swine / Swine flu / Virus Replication / Viruses

2018

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Defining the sizes of airborne particles that mediate influenza transmission in ferrets

2018

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2018

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Journal Article

Defining the sizes of airborne particles that mediate influenza transmission in ferrets

Zhou, Jie,

Lindsley, William G.,

Rowlands, Dewi K.,

Li, Yuguo,

Wei, Jianjian,

Peiris, Malik,

Sia, Sin Fun,

Wu, Chung-Yi,

Yu, Dan,

McDevitt, James,

Cowling, Benjamin J.,

Yen, Hui-Ling,

Choy, Ka-Tim

2018

Overview

Epidemics and pandemics of influenza are characterized by rapid global spread mediated by non-mutually exclusive transmission modes. The relative significance between contact, droplet, and airborne transmission is yet to be defined, a knowledge gap for implementing evidence-based infection control measures. We devised a transmission chamber that separates virus-laden particles by size and determined the particle sizes mediating transmission of influenza among ferrets through the air. Ferret-to-ferret transmission was mediated by airborne particles larger than 1.5 μm, consistent with the quantity and size of virus-laden particles released by the donors. Onward transmission by donors was most efficient before fever onset and may continue for 5 days after inoculation. Multiple virus gene segments enhanced the transmissibility of a swine influenza virus among ferrets by increasing the release of virus-laden particles into the air. We provide direct experimental evidence of influenza transmission via droplets and fine droplet nuclei, albeit at different efficiency.

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Publisher

National Academy of Sciences

Subject

Air - analysis

/ Air Microbiology

/ Airborne particulates

/ Animal diseases

/ Animals

/ Biological Sciences

/ Disease transmission