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Greenlandic Inuit show genetic signatures of diet and climate adaptation

by Albrechtsen, Anders , Jørgensen, Marit E. , Grarup, Niels , Korneliussen, Thorfinn S. , Brandslund, Ivan , Fumagalli, Matteo , Pedersen, Oluf , Linneberg, Allan , Hansen, Torben , Skotte, Line , Moltke, Ida , Bjerregaard, Peter , Gerbault, Pascale , Jørgensen, Torben , Racimo, Fernando , Nielsen, Rasmus , Christensen, Cramer , Huerta-Sánchez, Emilia , Schmidt, Erik B.

in Acclimatization - genetics / Adaptation / Alleles / Arctic Regions / Body Height - genetics / Body Weight - genetics / Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 - genetics / Climate / Climate adaptation / Diet / Diet, High-Fat / Diets / Effect Size / Eskimo Aleut Languages / Eskimos / Evolution / Evolutionary / Fatty acids / Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage / Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - analysis / Female / Genetic Loci / Genetic variance / Genetics / Genome, Human - genetics / Genome-Wide Association Study / Genomes / Greenland / Hormones / Humans / Indigenous peoples / Inuits - genetics / Linkage Disequilibrium / Lipids / Male / Membrane Lipids - analysis / Membrane Lipids - genetics / Metabolism / Native peoples / Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Polyunsaturated fatty acids / Seafood / Selection, Genetic / Signatures

2015

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Greenlandic Inuit show genetic signatures of diet and climate adaptation

2015

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2015

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Journal Article

Greenlandic Inuit show genetic signatures of diet and climate adaptation

Albrechtsen, Anders,

Jørgensen, Marit E.,

Grarup, Niels,

Korneliussen, Thorfinn S.,

Brandslund, Ivan,

Fumagalli, Matteo,

Pedersen, Oluf,

Linneberg, Allan,

Hansen, Torben,

Skotte, Line,

Moltke, Ida,

Bjerregaard, Peter,

Gerbault, Pascale,

Jørgensen, Torben,

Racimo, Fernando,

Nielsen, Rasmus,

Christensen, Cramer,

Huerta-Sánchez, Emilia,

Schmidt, Erik B.

2015

Overview

The indigenous people of Greenland, the Inuit, have lived for a long time in the extreme conditions of the Arctic, including low annual temperatures, and with a specialized diet rich in protein and fatty acids, particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A scan of Inuit genomes for signatures of adaptation revealed signals at several loci, with the strongest signal located in a cluster of fatty acid desaturases that determine PUFA levels. The selected alleles are associated with multiple metabolic and anthropometric phenotypes and have large effect sizes for weight and height, with the effect on height replicated in Europeans. By analyzing membrane lipids, we found that the selected alleles modulate fatty acid composition, which may affect the regulation of growth hormones. Thus, the Inuit have genetic and physiological adaptations to a diet rich in PUFAs.

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Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science,The American Association for the Advancement of Science

Subject

Acclimatization - genetics

/ Adaptation

/ Alleles

/ Arctic Regions

/ Body Height - genetics

/ Body Weight - genetics

/ Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 - genetics