Journal Article

Detecting gold mining impacts on insect biodiversity in a tropical mining frontier with SmallSat imagery

Roopsind, Anand, Sankey, Temuulen, Van Den Broeke, Matthew, Caughlin, T. Trevor, Stoll, Eric, Maharaj, Gyanpriya, Velazco, Sandra

2022

Overview

Gold mining is a major driver of Amazonian forest loss and degradation. As mining activity encroaches on primary forest in remote and inaccessible areas, satellite imagery provides crucial data for monitoring mining‐related deforestation. High‐resolution imagery, in particular, has shown promise for detecting artisanal gold mining at the forest frontier. An important next step will be to establish relationships between satellite‐derived land cover change and biodiversity impacts of gold mining. In this study, we set out to detect artisanal gold mining using high‐resolution imagery and relate mining land cover to insects, a taxonomic group that accounts for the majority of faunal biodiversity in tropical forests. We applied an object‐based image analysis (OBIA) to classify mined areas in an Indigenous territory in Guyana, using PlanetScope imagery with ~3.7 m resolution. We complemented our OBIA with field surveys of insect family presence or absence in field plots (n = 105) that captured a wide range of mining disturbances. Our OBIA was able to identify mined objects with high accuracy (>90% balanced accuracy). Field plots with a higher proportion of OBIA‐derived mine cover had significantly lower insect family richness. The effects of mine cover on individual insect taxa were highly variable. Insect groups that respond strongly to mining disturbance could potentially serve as bioindicators for monitoring ecosystem health during and after gold mining. With the advent of global partnerships that provide universal access to PlanetScope imagery for tropical forest monitoring, our approach represents a low‐cost and rapid way to assess the biodiversity impacts of gold mining in remote landscapes. Gold mining is a major driver of Amazonian forest loss and degradation. As mining activity encroaches on primary forest in remote and inaccessible areas, satellite imagery provides crucial data for monitoring mining‐related deforestation. We apply high‐resolution satellite imagery to detect artisanal gold mining and relate mining land cover to insects, a taxonomic group that accounts for the majority of faunal biodiversity in tropical forests. We were able to detect mining land cover with >90% using an object‐based image analysis. Field plots with higher mine cover had significantly lower insect family richness. Insect groups that respond strongly to mining disturbance could potentially serve as bioindicators for monitoring ecosystem health during and after gold mining. With the advent of global partnerships that provide universal access to PlanetScope imagery for tropical forest monitoring, our approach represents a low‐cost and rapid way to assess the biodiversity impacts of gold mining in remote landscapes.

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc,Wiley
• Subject: Artisanal gold mining / Biodiversity / biodiversity monitoring / Bioindicators / Biomonitoring / Deforestation / Ecological monitoring / Forests / Gold / Guyana / Image analysis / Image classification / Image processing / Indicator species / insect bioindicators / Insects / Land cover / Landsat satellites / Original Research / PlanetScope imagery / Rainforests / Satellite imagery / Small satellites / Tropical forests