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Serum Vitamin D3 as a Potential Biomarker for Neuronal Damage in Smoldering Multiple Sclerosis
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Serum Vitamin D3 as a Potential Biomarker for Neuronal Damage in Smoldering Multiple Sclerosis
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Journal Article
Serum Vitamin D3 as a Potential Biomarker for Neuronal Damage in Smoldering Multiple Sclerosis
2024
Overview
Permanent inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative processes lead to neurological disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin D3 (VitD) are well established, but its role in neurodegeneration is still uncertain. The usefulness of the serum concentration of VitD as a potential biomarker in evaluating brain injury in terms of recently known smoldering MS was under consideration. Methods: We assessed the concentrations of the parameters of brain injury (NF-H, GPAF, S100B, UCHL1) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of relapsing-remitting (RRMS, n = 123) and progressive MS (PMS, n = 88) patients in the group with normal levels of VitD (VitDn) and in the VitD deficiency group (VitDd). The levels of NF-H and UCHL1 were higher in the group of VitDd compared to VitDn. The higher serum levels of VitD were correlated with lower concentrations of GFAP, NF-H and S100B in the CSF of the whole group of MS patients and in women with MS as opposed to the levels of UCHL1. In men, there were noted negative correlations between the levels of serum VitD and GFAP and NF-H in CSF but not between VitD and S100B and UCHL1. The negative correlations were observed between VitD and the selected parameters of brain injury in MS patients, in women as well as in men. The concentrations of serum VitD together with selected parameters of brain injury in CSF seem to be promising biomarkers of neurodegeneration processes in smoldering MS.
Publisher
MDPI AG,MDPI
Subject
/ Aged
/ Antigens
/ Biomarkers - cerebrospinal fluid
/ Complications and side effects
/ Diabetes
/ Disease
/ Female
/ Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - blood
/ Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - cerebrospinal fluid
/ Humans
/ Male
/ Multiple Sclerosis - cerebrospinal fluid
/ Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - blood
/ Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - cerebrospinal fluid
/ Neurofilament Proteins - blood
/ Neurofilament Proteins - cerebrospinal fluid
/ Proteins
/ S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit - blood
/ S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit - cerebrospinal fluid
/ Ubiquitin Thiolesterase - blood
/ Ubiquitin Thiolesterase - cerebrospinal fluid
/ Vitamin D Deficiency - blood
