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Examining the Impact of Criminal Justice Involvement on Health Through Federally Funded, National Population-Based Surveys in the United States
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Examining the Impact of Criminal Justice Involvement on Health Through Federally Funded, National Population-Based Surveys in the United States
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Journal Article
Examining the Impact of Criminal Justice Involvement on Health Through Federally Funded, National Population-Based Surveys in the United States
2019
Overview
From 1980 to 2014, the number of incarcerated persons in the United States increased from 501 886 to 2 224 400—an increase of 343%. In 2014, about 1 in 110 adults were incarcerated in prisons and jails, and an additional 4.7 million adults were on probation or parole. In the same year, 636 346 persons were released from state and federal prisons, and an estimated 11 million persons cycled through local jails. More than 95% of incarcerated persons eventually return to their communities. Given the high rates of incarceration and subsequent release to the community, a large segment of the US population is involved in the criminal justice system. In this article, the terms “criminal justice involvement” and “justice-involved” refer to persons who have had contact with the criminal justice system in 1 or more of the following capacities: arrest, booking, charging, sentencing, incarceration in jail or prison, probation, or parole. This commentary examines justice involvement measures in federally funded, national population-based surveys. Building on a study that examined the absence of data on incarceration in 36 studies included in the Society of General Internal Medicine database on general health, we examined the available national population-based studies financed by the federal government that examine health outcomes. We provide an overview of the national population-based surveys that were selected for inclusion in this commentary and describe items in each survey that pertain to justice involvement and health among persons who have a history of incarceration and their family members. Our commentary further expands on the previous study by describing what studies have been conducted using these data sets and which questions could be answered given the domains that are included. We then summarize research questions that have recently been answered using these surveys. Finally, we outline future directions and offer recommendations for how national population-based surveys could best be used to understand the health status and health needs of the justice-involved population.
Publisher
Sage Publications, Inc,SAGE Publications,SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
