Journal Article

Analysis of micro- and nanoplastics in wastewater treatment plants: key steps and environmental risk considerations

Cavazzoli, Simone, Andreottola, Gianni, Monperrus, Mathilde, Ferrentino, Roberta, Scopetani, Costanza

2023

Overview

The analysis of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in the environment is a critical objective due to their ubiquitous presence in natural habitats, as well as their occurrence in various food, beverage, and organism matrices. MNPs pose significant concerns due to their direct toxicological effects and their potential to serve as carriers for hazardous organic/inorganic contaminants and pathogens, thereby posing risks to both human health and ecosystem integrity. Understanding the fate of MNPs within wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) holds paramount importance, as these facilities can be significant sources of MNP emissions. Additionally, during wastewater purification processes, MNPs can accumulate contaminants and pathogens, potentially transferring them into receiving water bodies. Hence, establishing a robust analytical framework encompassing sampling, extraction, and instrumental analysis is indispensable for monitoring MNP pollution and assessing associated risks. This comprehensive review critically evaluates the strengths and limitations of commonly employed methods for studying MNPs in wastewater, sludge, and analogous environmental samples. Furthermore, this paper proposes potential solutions to address identified methodological shortcomings. Lastly, a dedicated section investigates the association of plastic particles with chemicals and pathogens, alongside the analytical techniques employed to study such interactions. The insights generated from this work can be valuable reference material for both the scientific research community and environmental monitoring and management authorities. Graphical Abstract

• Publisher: Springer International Publishing,Springer Nature B.V,Springer
• Subject: Analysis / Analytical chemistry / Analytical methods / Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution / beverages / Chemical Sciences / Consumer goods / Contaminants / Earth and Environmental Science / Ecology / Ecosystem / Ecosystem integrity / ecosystems / Ecotoxicology / Environment / Environmental Management / Environmental monitoring / Environmental Monitoring - methods / Environmental risk / High density polyethylenes / human health / Humans / Inorganic contaminants / Material chemistry / Microplastics - analysis / Monitoring/Environmental Analysis / nanoplastics / or physical chemistry / Organic contaminants / Oxidation / Pathogens / Plastic pollution / Plastics / Pollution / Polyethylene terephthalate / Polymers / Receiving waters / Review / risk / Risk analysis / Scientific research / Sludge / Textiles / Theoretical and / wastewater / Wastewater purification / Wastewater treatment / Wastewater treatment plants / Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis / Water Purification / Water treatment