Journal Article

Isolation, characterization, and biomedical potential of phycoerythrin phycobiliprotein from Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) L. M. Liao: antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities

Pandita, Anu, Venkatesh, Sakthivel, Mareeswaran, Murugan, Arunkumar, Malaisamy, Fickak, Adel A., Rashwan, Mohamed A., Balasundaram, Harinathan, Maheswari, Pandiaraj, Pandita, Deepu, Ullah, Fazal, Seethapathy, Parthasarathy, Pandiarajan, Jeyaraj, Moussa, Ihab Mohamed, Pathade, Girish R., Sankaralingam, Subbiah, Nazim, Muhammad, Mahendran, Shunmugiah, Elansary, Hosam O.

2025

Overview

Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) L. M. Liao, a red seaweed widely cultivated for carrageenan polysaccharide, is also a potential source of the valuable pigment phycoerythrin (PE). Therefore, this study aims to extract phycoerythrin from K. alvarezii , evaluate its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, and identify its biomedical potential for future therapeutic applications. The protein content of phycoerythrin pigment extracted from K. alvarezii was found to be 69.84% and showed excellent antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella oxytoca and Proteus mirabilis , with a minimum inhibition zone of 11 mm. It showed significant in vitro antioxidant activity, as analyzed using total antioxidant, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, reducing power, DPPH, and ABTS assays. Further, the pigment exhibited potent cytotoxicity against a human lung cancer cell line, with an IC 50 value of 131.7 µg mL −1 . Furthermore, increasing concentration of phycoerythrin pigment decreased the cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, as confirmed by Annexin V/PI staining. Comprehensive characterization using FT-IR, HPLC, and GC-MS analysis revealed the nature of pigment and functional groups, highlighting its potential for biomedical applications. The molecular docking of K. alvarezii -derived compounds revealed significant binding affinities with 13 antibacterial target proteins. These results highlight the potential of K. alvarezii bioactive compounds as promising antibacterial agents. The phycoerythrin extract from K. alvarezii demonstrated potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, with significant cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells and confirmed apoptosis induction. Structural analysis revealed its bioactive composition, emphasizing its potential as a natural therapeutic agent. These findings support its potential application in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
• Subject: 631/449 / 704/829 / Algae / Annexin V / Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry / Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology / Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry / Anti-Infective Agents - isolation & purification / Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology / Antibacterial agents / Antimicrobial activity / Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry / Antineoplastic Agents - isolation & purification / Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology / Antioxidants / Antioxidants - chemistry / Antioxidants - isolation & purification / Antioxidants - pharmacology / Apoptosis / Bioactive compounds / Bioactive molecules / Cancer therapies / Carbohydrates / Cell Line, Tumor / Cell proliferation / Cell Proliferation - drug effects / Cytotoxicity / Edible Seaweeds / Fatalities / Food / Fourier transforms / Functional foods & nutraceuticals / Humanities and Social Sciences / Humans / Hydrogen peroxide / Kappaphycus alvarezii / Lung cancer / Metabolites / Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Molecular docking / Molecular Docking Simulation / multidisciplinary / Pharmaceutical industry / Phycobiliproteins - chemistry / Phycobiliproteins - isolation & purification / Phycobiliproteins - pharmacology / Phycoerythrin / Phycoerythrin - chemistry / Phycoerythrin - isolation & purification / Phycoerythrin - pharmacology / Pigment analysis / Pigments / Polysaccharides / Proteins / Red seaweed / Rhodophyta - chemistry / Science / Science (multidisciplinary) / Seaweeds / Spectrum analysis / Structural analysis / Therapeutic applications