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Climatology of GPS signal loss observed by Swarm satellites
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Climatology of GPS signal loss observed by Swarm satellites
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Journal Article
Climatology of GPS signal loss observed by Swarm satellites
2018
Overview
By using 3-year global positioning system (GPS) measurements from
December 2013 to November 2016, we provide in this study a detailed survey on
the climatology of the GPS signal loss of Swarm onboard receivers. Our
results show that the GPS signal losses prefer to occur at both low latitudes
between ±5 and ±20∘ magnetic latitude (MLAT) and high
latitudes above 60∘ MLAT in both hemispheres. These events at all
latitudes are observed mainly during equinoxes and December solstice months,
while totally absent during June solstice months. At low latitudes the GPS
signal losses are caused by the equatorial plasma irregularities shortly
after sunset, and at high latitude they are also highly related to the large
density gradients associated with ionospheric irregularities. Additionally,
the high-latitude events are more often observed in the Southern Hemisphere,
occurring mainly at the cusp region and along nightside auroral latitudes.
The signal losses mainly happen for those GPS rays with elevation angles less
than 20∘, and more commonly occur when the line of sight between GPS
and Swarm satellites is aligned with the shell structure of plasma
irregularities. Our results also confirm that the capability of the Swarm
receiver has been improved after the bandwidth of the phase-locked loop (PLL)
widened, but the updates cannot radically avoid the interruption in tracking
GPS satellites caused by the ionospheric plasma irregularities. Additionally,
after the PLL bandwidth increased larger than 0.5 Hz, some unexpected
signal losses are observed even at middle latitudes, which are not related to
the ionospheric plasma irregularities. Our results suggest that rather than
1.0 Hz, a PLL bandwidth of 0.5 Hz is a more suitable value
for the Swarm receiver. Keywords. Ionosphere (equatorial ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities) – radio science (radio wave propagation)
