Journal Article

Sensitivity of CAM5-Simulated Arctic Clouds and Radiation to Ice Nucleation Parameterization

Zhao, Chuanfeng, Zhang, Yuying, Xie, Shaocheng, Liu, Xiaohong

2013

Overview

Sensitivity of Arctic clouds and radiation in the Community Atmospheric Model, version 5, to the ice nucleation process is examined by testing a new physically based ice nucleation scheme that links the variation of ice nuclei (IN) number concentration to aerosol properties. The default scheme parameterizes the IN concentration simply as a function of ice supersaturation. The new scheme leads to a significant reduction in simulated IN concentration at all latitudes while changes in cloud amounts and properties are mainly seen at high- and midlatitude storm tracks. In the Arctic, there is a considerable increase in midlevel clouds and a decrease in low-level clouds, which result from the complex interaction among the cloud macrophysics, microphysics, and large-scale environment. The smaller IN concentrations result in an increase in liquid water path and a decrease in ice water path caused by the slowdown of the Bergeron–Findeisen process in mixed-phase clouds. Overall, there is an increase in the optical depth of Arctic clouds, which leads to a stronger cloud radiative forcing (net cooling) at the top of the atmosphere. The comparison with satellite data shows that the new scheme slightly improves low-level cloud simulations over most of the Arctic but produces too many midlevel clouds. Considerable improvements are seen in the simulated low-level clouds and their properties when compared with Arctic ground-based measurements. Issues with the observations and the model–observation comparison in the Arctic region are discussed.

• Publisher: American Meteorological Society
• Subject: Aerosol concentrations / Aerosol properties / Aerosols / Arctic clouds / Arctic observations / Arctic regions / Arctic zone / Atmospheric models / Climate change / Climate models / cloud microphysics / cloud parameterizations / Cloud physics / Clouds / Cold / Computer simulation / Contact angle / Cooling / Dust / Earth, ocean, space / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES / Exact sciences and technology / External geophysics / Ice / ice crystals / Ice environments / Ice nucleation / Ice nuclei / Latitude / Marine / Meteorology / Meteors / Microphysics / model evaluation/performance / Modeling / Nucleation / Optical analysis / Optical thickness / Parameter sensitivity / Parameterization / Parametrization / Radiation / Radiation-cloud interactions / Radiative forcing / Reduction / Satellite data / Simulation / Simulations / Storm tracks / Storms / Supersaturation / Temperature / Tracks (paths) / Water