Journal Article

Neurotoxicity and Cytokine Release Syndrome After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: Insights Into Mechanisms and Novel Therapies

Siegler, Elizabeth L., Kenderian, Saad S.

2020

Overview

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cell immunotherapy has been remarkably successful in treating certain relapsed/refractory hematological cancers. However, CART cell therapy is also associated with toxicities which present an obstacle to its wider adoption as a mainstay for cancer treatment. The primary toxicities following CART cell administration are cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). New insights into the mechanisms of these toxicities have spurred novel treatment options. In this review, we summarize the available literature on the clinical manifestations, mechanisms, and treatments of CART-associated CRS and ICANS.

• Publisher: Frontiers Media SA,Frontiers Media S.A
• Subject: Animals / Antigens / Biomarkers / Blood cancer / Cancer therapies / CART / Cell therapy / Cells / chimeric antigen receptor / Chimeric antigen receptors / Clinical trials / CRS / Cytokine Release Syndrome - diagnosis / Cytokine Release Syndrome - etiology / Cytokine Release Syndrome - prevention & control / Cytokine Release Syndrome - therapy / Cytokine storm / Cytokines / Disease Management / Disease Susceptibility / FDA approval / Glioma / Hematology / Humans / Hypotension / Hypoxia / Immunology / Immunotherapy / Immunotherapy, Adoptive - adverse effects / Immunotherapy, Adoptive - methods / Leukemia / Lymphocytes T / Neurotoxicity / Neurotoxicity Syndromes - diagnosis / Neurotoxicity Syndromes - etiology / Neurotoxicity Syndromes - prevention & control / Neurotoxicity Syndromes - therapy / Patients / Pediatrics / Proteins / Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - genetics / Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - immunology / Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - metabolism / Receptors, Chimeric Antigen - genetics / Receptors, Chimeric Antigen - immunology / Receptors, Chimeric Antigen - metabolism / Remission (Medicine) / Success / T-Lymphocytes - immunology / T-Lymphocytes - metabolism / Toxicity / Triglycerides / Tumors