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Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral Responses
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Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral Responses
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Journal Article
Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral Responses
2019
Overview
Herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) have co-evolved with humans for thousands of years and are present at a high prevalence in the population worldwide. HSV infections are responsible for several illnesses including skin and mucosal lesions, blindness and even life-threatening encephalitis in both, immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals of all ages. Therefore, diseases caused by HSVs represent significant public health burdens. Similar to other herpesviruses, HSV-1 and HSV-2 produce lifelong infections in the host by establishing latency in neurons and sporadically reactivating from these cells, eliciting recurrences that are accompanied by viral shedding in both, symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. The ability of HSVs to persist and recur in otherwise healthy individuals is likely given by the numerous virulence factors that these viruses have evolved to evade host antiviral responses. Here, we review and discuss molecular mechanisms used by HSVs to evade early innate antiviral responses, which are the first lines of defense against these viruses. A comprehensive understanding of how HSVs evade host early antiviral responses could contribute to the development of novel therapies and vaccines to counteract these viruses.
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA,Frontiers Media S.A
Subject
Cellular and Infection Microbiology
/ cytosolic nucleic acid receptors
/ Genomes
/ Herpesvirus 1, Human - immunology
/ Herpesvirus 1, Human - pathogenicity
/ Herpesvirus 2, Human - immunology
/ Herpesvirus 2, Human - pathogenicity
/ HIV
/ Human immunodeficiency virus
/ Humans
/ Latency
/ Ligands
/ natural killer cells (NK cells)
/ Proteins
