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Diversity of Babesia spp. in skunks from selected states in the United States of America
Diversity of Babesia spp. in skunks from selected states in the United States of America
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Diversity of Babesia spp. in skunks from selected states in the United States of America
Diversity of Babesia spp. in skunks from selected states in the United States of America

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Diversity of Babesia spp. in skunks from selected states in the United States of America
Diversity of Babesia spp. in skunks from selected states in the United States of America
Journal Article

Diversity of Babesia spp. in skunks from selected states in the United States of America

2024
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Overview
Babesia species are intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites that infect a variety of hosts. The goal of this study was to evaluate the piroplasm species present in skunks in various states in the United States and determine whether there was any geographic variation. Spleen, whole blood, or blood on filter paper were received from Pennsylvania, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Missouri, Louisiana, Texas, Kansas, and California, and were tested for Babesia sp. We tested four species of skunks including striped skunk ( Mephitis mephitis, n  = 72), eastern spotted skunk ( Spilogale putorius, n  = 28), western spotted skunk ( Spilogale gracilis, n  = 15), and hog-nosed skunk ( Conepatus leuconotus, n  = 11). A PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA region and cox1 region were used to determine if skunks were infected with piroplasms and for phylogenetic analyses. A total of 48.4% (61/126) of skunks tested positive for a Babesia species. Both the 18S and cox1 analysis supported a skunk-specific Babesia microti -like sp. of carnivores as well as a species in the B. microti complex that is phylogenetically unique from both B. microti of humans and the B. microti- like sp. of carnivores. In the 18S analysis, there was a third species of Babesia in hog-nosed skunks in the western piroplasm group. This study shows that at least three species of piroplasms occur in skunk species in the United States and further highlights the importance of phylogenetic analyses and the use of multiple gene targets when studying piroplasms. Les espèces de Babesia sont des protozoaires parasites intraérythrocytaires qui infectent divers hôtes. Le but de cette étude était d’évaluer les espèces de piroplasmes présentes chez les mouffettes dans divers états des États-Unis et de déterminer s’il existait une variation géographique. Des rates, du sang total ou du sang sur papier filtre ont été reçus de Pennsylvanie, du Kentucky, de Caroline du Nord, de Caroline du Sud, de Géorgie, du Missouri, de Louisiane, du Texas, du Kansas et de Californie, et ont été testés pour Babesia sp. Nous avons testé quatre espèces de mouffettes, dont la mouffette rayée ( Mephitis mephitis , n  = 72), la mouffette tachetée de l’Est ( Spilogale putorius , n  = 28), la mouffette tachetée de l’Ouest ( Spilogale gracilis , n  = 15) et la mouffette à nez plat ( Conepatus leuconotus, n  = 11). Un test PCR ciblant la région de l’ARNr 18S et la région cox1 a été utilisé pour déterminer si les mouffettes étaient infectées par des piroplasmes et pour des analyses phylogénétiques. Au total, 48,4 % (61/126) des mouffettes ont été testées positives pour une espèce de Babesia . Les analyses du 18S et du cox1 ont toutes deux confirmé une espèce de type Babesia microti de carnivores spécifique aux mouffettes ainsi qu’une espèce du complexe B. microti qui est phylogénétiquement unique à la fois par rapport à B. microti de l’homme et à l’espèce des carnivores. Dans l’analyse 18S, il y avait une troisième espèce de Babesia chez les mouffettes à nez plat du groupe des piroplasmes de l’ouest. Cette étude montre qu’au moins trois espèces de piroplasmes sont présentes chez les espèces de mouffettes aux États-Unis et souligne en outre l’importance des analyses phylogénétiques et de l’utilisation de plusieurs cibles génétiques lors de l’étude des piroplasmes.