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High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated circuits
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High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated circuits
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Journal Article
High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated circuits
2017
Overview
Quantum key distribution provides an efficient means to exchange information in an unconditionally secure way. Historically, quantum key distribution protocols have been based on binary signal formats, such as two polarization states, and the transmitted information efficiency of the quantum key is intrinsically limited to 1 bit/photon. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, a high-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol based on space division multiplexing in multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated lightwave circuits. We successfully realized three mutually unbiased bases in a four-dimensional Hilbert space, and achieved low and stable quantum bit error rate well below both the coherent attack and individual attack limits. Compared to previous demonstrations, the use of a multicore fiber in our protocol provides a much more efficient way to create high-dimensional quantum states, and enables breaking the information efficiency limit of traditional quantum key distribution protocols. In addition, the silicon photonic circuits used in our work integrate variable optical attenuators, highly efficient multicore fiber couplers, and Mach-Zehnder interferometers, enabling manipulating high-dimensional quantum states in a compact and stable manner. Our demonstration paves the way to utilize state-of-the-art multicore fibers for noise tolerance high-dimensional quantum key distribution, and boost silicon photonics for high information efficiency quantum communications.
Silicon chip-to-chip high-dimensional quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables ultimate secure communication guaranteed by quantum mechanics. Most of QKD systems are based on binary encoding utilizing bulky, discrete, and expensive devices. Consequently, a large scale deployment of this technology has not been achieved. A solution may be by photonic integration, which provides excellent performances and are particularly suitable for manipulation of quantum states. The Center for Silicon Photonics for Optical Communication (SPOC) led by Prof. Leif Katsuo Oxenløwe at the Technical University of Denmark demonstrated an integrated solution for manipulation of new high-dimensional quantum states using spatial degrees of freedom (the cores of a multicore fiber). We achieved the first silicon chip-to-chip decoy-state high-dimensional QKD, which is suitable for longer transmission distance with higher secret key rate, better resilience to noise, and higher information efficiency.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
