Journal Article

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND): Science and design

Fang, Ke, Qian, XiangLi, Schröder, Frank G., Renault-Tinacci, Nicolas, Niess, Valentin, Huang, Yan, Bolmont, Julien, Mottez, Fabrice, Zhang, JianLi, Gu, JunHua, Timmermans, Charles, Le Coz, Sandra, Decoene, Valentin, Oikonomou, Foteini, Tueros, Matías, De Vries, Krijn D., Finley, Chad, Kotera, Kumiko, Zilles, Anne, Balagopal V., Aswathi, Charrier, Didier, Engel, Ralph, Zheng, Qian, Hu, HongBo, Zarka, Philippe, Bustamante, Mauricio, Alves Batista, Rafael, Qin, Bo, Lü, GuoLiang, Roth, Markus, Schüssler, Fabian, Lenain, Jean-Philippe, Denton, Peter B., Zhang, Yi, Pierog, Tanguy, Zech, Andreas, Martineau-Huynh, Olivier, Wu, XiangPing, Carvalho, Washington, Gou, QuanBu, Zhang, B. Theodore, Tasse, Cyril, Guépin, Claire, Murase, Kohta, Ran, Duan, De Jong, Sijbrand, Mostafá, Miguel, Cognard, Ismaël, Álvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Gabici, Stefano

2020

Overview

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic particles, with energies exceeding 10 8 GeV. Its goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic rays. To do this, GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched sensitivity. GRAND will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the atmosphere. Its design is modular: 20 separate, independent sub-arrays, each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km 2 . A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals early. Here we present the science goals, detection strategy, preliminary design, performance goals, and construction plans for GRAND.

• Publisher: Science China Press,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Antenna arrays / Antennas (Electronics) / Astronomy / Astrophysics / Classical and Continuum Physics / Computer engineering / Construction management / Cosmic ray showers / Cosmic rays / cosmic rays in astronomical observations / cosmic rays: galactic and extragalactic / Design and construction / Earth and Planetary Astrophysics / galactic and extragalactic / Gamma rays / Invited Review / Modular design / Neutrinos / neutrinos in astronomical observations / Observations and Techniques / Observatories / Particle physics / Physics / Physics and Astronomy / Preliminary designs / Radio antennas / Radio emission / radio telescopes / radiowave radiation: sources / Science / Sciences of the Universe