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Gender reassignment surgery: an overview
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Journal Article
Gender reassignment surgery: an overview
2011
Overview
Gender dysphoria—a condition in which an individual has a severe discontent with the gender they were born with—can be treated with gender reassignment surgery. In this article, Selvaggi and Bellringer draw on their considerable experience to provide an overview of gender reassignment surgery. Both male-to-female and female-to-male surgeries and their associated complications will be discussed as well as the etiopathogenesis of gender dysphoria.
Gender reassignment (which includes psychotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgery) has been demonstrated as the most effective treatment for patients affected by gender dysphoria (or gender identity disorder), in which patients do not recognize their gender (sexual identity) as matching their genetic and sexual characteristics. Gender reassignment surgery is a series of complex surgical procedures (genital and nongenital) performed for the treatment of gender dysphoria. Genital procedures performed for gender dysphoria, such as vaginoplasty, clitorolabioplasty, penectomy and orchidectomy in male-to-female transsexuals, and penile and scrotal reconstruction in female-to-male transsexuals, are the core procedures in gender reassignment surgery. Nongenital procedures, such as breast enlargement, mastectomy, facial feminization surgery, voice surgery, and other masculinization and feminization procedures complete the surgical treatment available. The World Professional Association for Transgender Health currently publishes and reviews guidelines and standards of care for patients affected by gender dysphoria, such as eligibility criteria for surgery. This article presents an overview of the genital and nongenital procedures available for both male-to-female and female-to-male gender reassignment.
Key Points
The management of gender dysphoria consists of a combination of psychotherapy, hormonal therapy, and surgery
Psychiatric evaluation is essential before gender reassignment surgical procedures are undertaken
Gender reassignment surgery refers to the whole genital, facial and body procedures required to create a feminine or a masculine appearance
Sex reassignment surgery refers to genital procedures, namely vaginoplasty, clitoroplasty, labioplasty, and penile–scrotal reconstruction
In male-to-female gender dysphoria, skin tubes formed from penile or scrotal skin are the standard technique for vaginal construction
In female-to-male gender dysphoria, no technique is recognized as the standard for penile reconstruction; different techniques fulfill patients' requests at different levels, with a variable number of surgical technique-related drawbacks
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Female
/ Humans
/ Male
/ Medicine
/ Patients
/ Penis
/ Postoperative Complications - prevention & control
/ Postoperative Complications - psychology
/ Reconstructive Surgical Procedures - methods
/ Reconstructive Surgical Procedures - psychology
/ Sex Reassignment Surgery - methods
/ Sex Reassignment Surgery - psychology
/ Urology
