Journal Article

Dental Biofilm Microbiota Dysbiosis Is Associated With the Risk of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Tucunduva, Luciana, Arrais-Rodrigues, Celso, Fregnani, Eduardo R., Camargo, Anamaria A., Novis, Yana, Knebel, Franciele H., Heidrich, Vitor, de Molla, Vinícius C., Asprino, Paula F., Bruno, Julia S., Miranda-Silva, Wanessa, Rocha, Vanderson

2021

Overview

Acute graft- versus -host disease (aGVHD) is one of the major causes of death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Recently, aGVHD onset was linked to intestinal microbiota (IM) dysbiosis. However, other bacterial-rich gastrointestinal sites, such as the mouth, which hosts several distinctive microbiotas, may also impact the risk of GVHD. The dental biofilm microbiota (DBM) is highly diverse and, like the IM, interacts with host cells and modulates immune homeostasis. We characterized changes in the DBM of patients during allo-HSCT and evaluated whether the DBM could be associated with the risk of aGVHD. DBM dysbiosis during allo-HSCT was marked by a gradual loss of bacterial diversity and changes in DBM genera composition, with commensal genera reductions and potentially pathogenic bacteria overgrowths. High Streptococcus and high Corynebacterium relative abundance at preconditioning were associated with a higher risk of aGVHD (67% vs. 33%; HR = 2.89, P = 0.04 and 73% vs. 37%; HR = 2.74, P = 0.04, respectively), while high Veillonella relative abundance was associated with a lower risk of aGVHD (27% vs. 73%; HR = 0.24, P < 0.01). Enterococcus faecalis bloom during allo-HSCT was observed in 17% of allo-HSCT recipients and was associated with a higher risk of aGVHD (100% vs. 40%; HR = 4.07, P < 0.001) and severe aGVHD (60% vs. 12%; HR = 6.82, P = 0.01). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that DBM dysbiosis is associated with the aGVHD risk after allo-HSCT.

• Publisher: Frontiers Media SA,Frontiers Media S.A
• Subject: acute GVHD / Adult / Aged / allogeneic HSCT / Allografts / Antibiotics / Bacteria / Bacteria - genetics / Bacteria - growth & development / Biofilms / Blood diseases / bone marrow transplant / Disease prevention / Dysbacteriosis / Dysbiosis / Female / Graft versus host disease / Graft vs Host Disease - diagnosis / Graft vs Host Disease - immunology / Graft vs Host Disease - microbiology / Graft-versus-host reaction / Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - adverse effects / Hematopoietic stem cells / Homeostasis / Humans / Immunology / Intestinal microflora / Leukemia / Male / Mann-Whitney U test / microbiome dysbiosis / Microbiota / Middle Aged / Mortality / Mouth - microbiology / Oral hygiene / oral microbiota / Patients / Relative abundance / Ribotyping / Risk Assessment / Risk Factors / Stem cell transplantation / supragingival plaque / Time Factors / Transplantation, Homologous - adverse effects / Treatment Outcome / Young Adult