Journal Article

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Lung Cancer: Potential and Challenges

Cui, Xin-Run, Lu, Zhe-Ming, Xiao, Bu-Fan, Zhu, Yu-Ge, Zhang, Jing-Tao, Yu, Ben-Tong, Wu, Nan

2021

Overview

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has exhibited a substantial clinical response in hematological malignancies, including B-cell leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Therefore, the feasibility of using CAR-T cells to treat solid tumors is actively evaluated. Currently, multiple basic research projects and clinical trials are being conducted to treat lung cancer with CAR-T cell therapy. Although numerous advances in CAR-T cell therapy have been made in hematological tumors, the technology still entails considerable challenges in treating lung cancer, such as on−target, of−tumor toxicity, paucity of tumor-specific antigen targets, T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment, and low infiltration level of immune cells into solid tumor niches, which are even more complicated than their application in hematological tumors. Thus, progress in the scientific understanding of tumor immunology and improvements in the manufacture of cell products are advancing the clinical translation of these important cellular immunotherapies. This review focused on the latest research progress of CAR-T cell therapy in lung cancer treatment and for the first time, demonstrated the underlying challenges and future engineering strategies for the clinical application of CAR-T cell therapy against lung cancer.

• Publisher: Frontiers Media SA,Frontiers Media S.A
• Subject: Animals / Antigens / Antigens, Neoplasm - immunology / Biomarkers, Tumor / Cancer therapies / Cell Culture Techniques / Cell therapy / Chemotherapy / chimeric antigen receptor / Chimeric antigen receptors / Clinical trials / Clinical Trials as Topic / Combined Modality Therapy - methods / Cytokines / Disease Management / Disease Models, Animal / Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Efficiency / engineering strategy / Genetic Engineering / Growth factors / Hematology / Humans / Immunology / Immunomodulation / Immunotherapy / Immunotherapy, Adoptive - adverse effects / Immunotherapy, Adoptive - methods / Kinases / Ligands / Lung cancer / Lung Neoplasms - diagnosis / Lung Neoplasms - etiology / Lung Neoplasms - mortality / Lung Neoplasms - therapy / Lymphocytes / Lymphocytes B / Lymphocytes T / Lymphoma / Malignancy / Metastases / Monoclonal antibodies / Multiple myeloma / Proteins / Radiation therapy / Receptors, Chimeric Antigen - immunology / Receptors, Chimeric Antigen - metabolism / Response rates / Signal transduction / Solid tumors / T cell / T cell receptors / T-Lymphocytes - immunology / T-Lymphocytes - metabolism / Toxicity / Treatment Outcome / Tumor microenvironment / Tumors