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Emergent topological polarization textures in relaxor ferroelectrics
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Emergent topological polarization textures in relaxor ferroelectrics
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Emergent topological polarization textures in relaxor ferroelectrics
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Emergent topological polarization textures in relaxor ferroelectrics
Emergent topological polarization textures in relaxor ferroelectrics
Journal Article

Emergent topological polarization textures in relaxor ferroelectrics

2025
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Overview
Relaxor ferroelectrics underpin high-performance actuators and sensors, yet the nature of polar heterogeneities driving their broadband dielectric response remains debated. Using a unified, multimodal structural refinement framework— simultaneously fitting complementary X-ray and neutron total scattering, X-ray absorption spectra, and diffuse scattering—we reconstruct 3D mesoscale polarization maps in the classic relaxor system PbMg 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 –PbTiO 3 . We uncover self-organized swirling polarization textures with half-skyrmion (meron) vortices, challenging models of independent polar nanoregions. These textures, characterized by smooth changes in the polarization direction, originate from overlapping volumes in which the projections of locally correlated polarization vectors onto each volume’s long axis share the same sign. Vortex cores correlate strongly with local charge and strain gradients imposed by compositional heterogeneities. In this work, our results suggest that chemical disorder, acting via depolarizing and strain fields, stabilizes topological vortex textures of the polarization field, offering a route for engineering new dielectric and ferroelectric functionalities. This work advances multimodal structural refinements to generate 3D polarization maps for relaxor ferroelectrics, revealing continuous textures with vortex meron features tied to chemical disorder and deepening understanding of relaxor phenomena.