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Ectopic cambia in wisteria vines are associated with the expression of conserved KNOX genes
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Ectopic cambia in wisteria vines are associated with the expression of conserved KNOX genes
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Journal Article
Ectopic cambia in wisteria vines are associated with the expression of conserved KNOX genes
2026
Overview
Secondary vascular growth is a conserved mechanism that gives rise to vascular tissues produced via a single vascular cambium. Molecular mechanisms underlying this process are characterized mainly in model species with typical vascular architectures, while the genetics underlying ecologically-important atypical vascular architectures remain unexplored. We use developmental anatomy, comparative transcriptomics, molecular evolutionary analyses, and heterologous gene expression to address this knowledge gap, investigating how multiple ectopic cambia (EC) form in the woody vine Japanese wisteria. Anatomical studies show EC in Japanese wisteria arise from cortical parenchyma, and cambium-specific transcriptome comparisons reveal that genes acting as regulators of typical cambium development in model species are likewise associated with EC development. Gene trees of
KNOX
genes suggest that duplication events may contribute to EC formation, including a Fabaceae-specific duplication of
KNAT2/6
, which is detected as being under positive selection. We also demonstrate that
KNOX
genes from Japanese wisteria show canonical KNOX-like activity in heterologous functional assays, although no vascular aberrations were observed. Overall, these findings provide the first insights into the genetics of EC formation in “natural variants”, advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating vascular variants in seed plants.
Here, using anatomy, transcriptomics, and functional assays, the authors reveal how Japanese wisteria climb using an unusual vascular architecture. Ectopic cambia arise from cortical cells and repurpose conserved cambium regulators, including
KNOX
genes.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 14/63
/ 38
/ 38/22
/ 38/91
/ Anatomy
/ Cambium - anatomy & histology
/ Cambium - growth & development
/ Fabaceae - growth & development
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
/ Genes
/ Genetics
/ Homeodomain Proteins - genetics
/ Homeodomain Proteins - metabolism
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Science
