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Current Status of Clostridium difficile Infection Epidemiology
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Journal Article
Current Status of Clostridium difficile Infection Epidemiology
2012
Overview
The dramatic changes in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) during recent years, with increases in incidence and severity of disease in several countries, have made CDI a global public health challenge. Increases in CDI incidence have been largely attributed to the emergence of a previously rare and more virulent strain, BI/NAP1/027. Increased toxin production and high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones have made this strain a very successful pathogen in healthcare settings. In addition, populations previously thought to be at low risk are now being identified as having severe CDI. Recent genetic analysis suggests that C. difficile has a highly fluid genome with multiple mechanisms to modify its content and functionality, which can make C. difficile adaptable to environmental changes and potentially lead to the emergence of more virulent strains. In the face of these changes in the epidemiology and microbiology of CDI, surveillance systems are necessary to monitor trends and inform public health actions.
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Subject
/ Bacteria
/ Clostridium difficile - genetics
/ Clostridium difficile - pathogenicity
/ Clostridium Infections - diagnosis
/ Clostridium Infections - epidemiology
/ Clostridium Infections - microbiology
/ Cross Infection - epidemiology
/ Cross Infection - microbiology
/ Humans
/ Population Surveillance - methods
/ Toxins
