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Proteomics validate circulating GDF-15 as an independent biomarker for COVID-19 severity
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Proteomics validate circulating GDF-15 as an independent biomarker for COVID-19 severity
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Journal Article
Proteomics validate circulating GDF-15 as an independent biomarker for COVID-19 severity
2024
Overview
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) was originally described as a stress-induced cytokine, and a biomarker of aging and cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that circulating GDF-15 would be associated with COVID-19 disease severity. Herein, we explored this hypothesis in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients.
Blood samples were collected from 926 COVID-19 adult patients and from 285 hospitalized controls from the Biobanque Québécoise de la COVID-19 (BQC19). COVID-19 severity was graded according to the WHO criteria. SOMAscan proteomics assay was performed on 50µL of plasma. ELISA were performed on 46 selected participants with left-over plasma to validate differences in plasma GDF-15 levels. Statistical analyses were conducted using GraphPad Prism 9.0 and SPSS. P values < 0.01 were considered significant.
Proteomics showed that plasma GDF-15 levels were higher in COVID-19 patients compared to hospitalized controls. GDF-15 levels increased with COVID-19 severity. COVID-19 patients presenting with comorbidities including diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease had higher GDF-15 levels. ELISA revealed significant elevation of GDF-15 until 30 days after hospitalization. Plasma GDF-15 elevation was correlated with older age. Moreover, GDF-15 levels correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as soluble levels of its putative receptor CD48. No association was established between anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels and plasma GDF-15 levels.
This study confirms GDF-15 as a biomarker for COVID-19 severity. Clinical evaluation of GDF-15 levels could assist identification of persons at high-risk of progressing to severe disease, thus improving patient care.
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA,Frontiers Media S.A
Subject
/ Age
/ Aged
/ Aging
/ BQC19
/ Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
/ COVID-19
/ Diabetes
/ Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
/ Female
/ GDF-15
/ Growth Differentiation Factor 15 - blood
/ HIV
/ Human immunodeficiency virus
/ Humans
/ Male
/ Plasma
/ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
/ severity
