Journal Article

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are key in lipid transfer protein allergy pathogenesis

Torres, María José, Mayorga, Cristobalina, Cruz-Amaya, Anyith, Palomares, Francisca, Martín-Astorga, María del Carmen, Nieto, Nazaret, Pérez-Sánchez, Natalia, Núñez, Rafael, Eguíluz-Gracia, Ibon, Gómez, Francisca, Cañas, José Antonio

2024

Overview

Immunopathology in food allergy is characterized by an uncontrolled type 2 immune response and specific-IgE production. Recent studies have determined that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) participate in the food allergy pathogenic mechanism and their severity. Our objective was to investigate the role of ILC2 in peach-allergic patients due to non-specific lipid transfer protein (Pru p 3) sensitization. The immune response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was characterized in lipid transfer protein-allergic patients and healthy controls. We have analyzed the Pru p 3 uptake on ILC2, the expression of costimulatory molecules, and their involvement on the T-cell proliferative response and cytokine production under different experimental conditions: cytokines involved in group 2 innate lymphoid cell activation (IL-33 and IL-25), Pru p 3 as main food allergen, and the combination of both components (IL-33/IL-25+Pru p 3) using cell sorting, EliSpot, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Our results show that Pru p 3 allergen is taken up by group 2 innate lymphoid cells, regulating their costimulatory molecule expression (CD83 and HLA-DR) depending on the presence of Pru p 3 and its combination with IL-33/IL-25. The Pru p 3-stimulated ILC2 induced specific GATA3 Th2 proliferation and cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) production in lipid transfer protein-allergic patients in a cell contact-dependent manner with no changes in Tbet Th1- and FOXP3 Treg cell differentiation. The results indicate that in lipid transfer protein-allergic patients, the responsible allergen, Pru p 3, interacts with group 2 innate lymphoid cells, promoting a Th2 cell response. Our results might be of interest , as they show a role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells as antigen-presenting cells, contributing to the development of food allergy. Consequently, group 2 innate lymphoid cells may be considered as potential therapeutic targets.

• Publisher: Frontiers Media SA,Frontiers Media S.A
• Subject: Adult / Allergens / Antigen-presenting cells / Antigens / Antigens, Plant - immunology / Biobanks / Carrier Proteins - immunology / CD83 antigen / Cell activation / Cell differentiation / Confocal microscopy / Costimulator / Cytokines - metabolism / Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay / Female / Flow cytometry / Food allergies / food allergy / Food Hypersensitivity - immunology / Foxp3 protein / GATA-3 protein / Helper cells / Humans / Immune response / Immunity, Innate / Immunology / innate lymphoid cells / Interleukins / Leukocytes (mononuclear) / lipid transfers proteins / Lipids / Lymphocyte Activation - immunology / Lymphocytes - immunology / Lymphocytes - metabolism / Lymphocytes T / Lymphoid cells / Male / Middle Aged / Monoclonal antibodies / Peripheral blood mononuclear cells / Plant Proteins - immunology / Regulation / Rhinitis / Th2-cells / Therapeutic targets / type 2 immune response / Young Adult