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CD8+ T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
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Journal Article
CD8+ T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
2024
Overview
CD8+ T cells are crucial cytotoxic components of the tumor immune system. In chronic inflammation, they become low-responsive, a state known as T cell exhaustion (TEX). The aim of immune checkpoint blockade is to counteract TEX, yet its dynamics in breast cancer remain poorly understood. This review defines CD8+ TEX and outlines its features and underlying mechanisms. It also discusses the primary mechanisms of CD8+ TEX in breast cancer, covering inhibitory receptors, immunosuppressive cells, cytokines, transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations, metabolic reprogramming, and exosome pathways, offering insights into potential immunotherapy strategies for breast cancer.
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA,Frontiers Media S.A
Subject
/ Antigens
/ Breast Neoplasms - immunology
/ Breast Neoplasms - pathology
/ CD8
/ CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
/ Female
/ Humans
/ Immune checkpoint inhibitors
/ Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use
/ Kinases
/ Ligands
/ Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating - immunology
/ Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating - metabolism
/ Proteins
/ Tumor Microenvironment - immunology
/ Tumors
