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Cross-exchange of B-vitamins underpins a mutualistic interaction between Ostreococcus tauri and Dinoroseobacter shibae
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Cross-exchange of B-vitamins underpins a mutualistic interaction between Ostreococcus tauri and Dinoroseobacter shibae
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Journal Article
Cross-exchange of B-vitamins underpins a mutualistic interaction between Ostreococcus tauri and Dinoroseobacter shibae
2019
Overview
Ostreococcus tauri
, a picoeukaryotic alga that contributes significantly to primary production in oligotrophic waters, has a highly streamlined genome, lacking the genetic capacity to grow without the vitamins thiamine (B
1
) and cobalamin (B
12
)
.
Here we demonstrate that the B
12
and B
1
auxotrophy of
O. tauri
can be alleviated by co-culturing with a heterotrophic bacterial partner
Dinoroseobacter shibae
, a member of the
Rhodobacteraceae
family of alpha-proteobacteria, genera of which are frequently found associated with marine algae.
D. shibae
lacks the complete pathway to synthesise three other B-vitamins: niacin (B
3
), biotin (B
7
), and
p-
aminobenzoic acid (a precursor for folate, B
9
), and the alga is in turn able to satisfy the reciprocal vitamin requirements of its bacterial partner in a stable long-term co-culture. Bioinformatics searches of 197 representative marine bacteria with sequenced genomes identified just nine species that had a similar combination of traits (ability to make vitamin B
12
, but missing one or more genes for niacin and biotin biosynthesis enzymes), all of which were from the
Rhodobacteraceae
. Further analysis of 70 species from this family revealed the majority encoded the B
12
pathway, but only half were able to make niacin, and fewer than 13% biotin. These characteristics may have either contributed to or resulted from the tendency of members of this lineage to adopt lifestyles in close association with algae. This study provides a nuanced view of bacterial–phytoplankton interactions, emphasising the complexity of the sources, sinks and dynamic cycling between marine microbes of these important organic micronutrients.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Oxford University Press
