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Unlocking the power of antimicrobial peptides: advances in production, optimization, and therapeutics
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Unlocking the power of antimicrobial peptides: advances in production, optimization, and therapeutics
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Journal Article
Unlocking the power of antimicrobial peptides: advances in production, optimization, and therapeutics
2025
Overview
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical effectors of innate immunity, presenting a compelling alternative to conventional antibiotics amidst escalating antimicrobial resistance. Their broad-spectrum efficacy and inherent low resistance development are countered by production challenges, including limited yields and proteolytic degradation, which restrict their clinical translation. While chemical synthesis offers precise structural control, it is often prohibitively expensive and complex for large-scale production. Heterologous expression systems provide a scalable, cost-effective platform, but necessitate optimization. This review comprehensively examines established and emerging AMP production strategies, encompassing fusion protein technologies, molecular engineering approaches, rational peptide design, and post-translational modifications, with an emphasis on maximizing yield, bioactivity, stability, and safety. Furthermore, we underscore the transformative role of artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning algorithms, in accelerating AMP discovery and optimization, thereby propelling their expanded therapeutic application and contributing to the global fight against drug-resistant infections.
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA,Frontiers Media S.A
Subject
/ AMPs
/ Animals
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
/ Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - pharmacology
/ Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - therapeutic use
/ Antimicrobial Peptides - biosynthesis
/ Antimicrobial Peptides - chemistry
/ Antimicrobial Peptides - genetics
/ Antimicrobial Peptides - pharmacology
/ Antimicrobial Peptides - therapeutic use
/ Cellular and Infection Microbiology
/ E coli
/ Humans
/ Peptides
/ Protein Processing, Post-Translational
/ SPPS
/ SUMO
/ Toxicity
