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Tryptophan-independent auxin biosynthesis contributes to early embryogenesis in Arabidopsis
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Tryptophan-independent auxin biosynthesis contributes to early embryogenesis in Arabidopsis
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Tryptophan-independent auxin biosynthesis contributes to early embryogenesis in Arabidopsis
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Journal Article
Tryptophan-independent auxin biosynthesis contributes to early embryogenesis in Arabidopsis
2015
Overview
The phytohormone auxin regulates nearly all aspects of plant growth and development. Tremendous achievements have been made in elucidating the tryptophan (Trp)-dependent auxin biosynthetic pathway; however, the genetic evidence, key components, and functions of the Trp-independent pathway remain elusive. Here we report that the Arabidopsis indole synthase mutant is defective in the long-anticipated Trp-independent auxin biosynthetic pathway and that auxin synthesized through this spatially and temporally regulated pathway contributes significantly to the establishment of the apical–basal axis, which profoundly affects the early embryogenesis in Arabidopsis . These discoveries pave an avenue for elucidating the Trp-independent auxin biosynthetic pathway and its functions in regulating plant growth and development.
Significance The phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays a vital role in plant growth and development. IAA can be synthesized through the precursor tryptophan (Trp), known as the Trp-dependent IAA biosynthetic pathway. However, IAA may also be synthesized through a proposed Trp-independent IAA biosynthetic pathway. Although the Trp-independent IAA biosynthesis was hypothesized 20 years ago, it remains a mystery. In this paper, we provide compelling evidence that the cytosol-localized indole synthase (INS) initiates the Trp-independent IAA biosynthetic pathway and that the spatial and temporal expression of INS plays an important role in the establishment of the apical–basal pattern during early embryogenesis, demonstrating that the Trp-dependent and -independent IAA biosynthetic pathways coordinately regulate embryogenesis of higher plants.
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences,National Acad Sciences
Subject
/ Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
/ Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
/ Genetics
/ Green Fluorescent Proteins - genetics
/ Green Fluorescent Proteins - metabolism
/ Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism
/ Multienzyme Complexes - genetics
/ Multienzyme Complexes - metabolism
/ Mutation
/ Plant Components, Aerial - genetics
/ Plant Components, Aerial - metabolism
/ Plants, Genetically Modified
/ Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
