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Phylum-wide analysis of genes/proteins related to the last steps of assembly and export of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in cyanobacteria
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Phylum-wide analysis of genes/proteins related to the last steps of assembly and export of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in cyanobacteria
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Journal Article
Phylum-wide analysis of genes/proteins related to the last steps of assembly and export of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in cyanobacteria
2015
Overview
Many cyanobacteria produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with particular characteristics (e.g. anionic nature and presence of sulfate) that make them suitable for industrial processes such as bioremediation of heavy metals or thickening, suspending or emulsifying agents. Nevertheless, their biosynthetic pathway(s) are still largely unknown, limiting their utilization. In this work, a phylum-wide analysis of genes/proteins putatively involved in the assembly and export of EPS in cyanobacteria was performed. Our results demonstrated that most strains harbor genes encoding proteins related to the three main pathways: Wzy-, ABC transporter- and Synthase-dependent, but often not the complete set defining one pathway. Multiple gene copies are mainly correlated to larger genomes and the strains with reduced genomes (e.g. the clade of marine unicellular
Synechococcus
and
Prochlorococcus
), seem to have lost most of the EPS-related genes. Overall, the distribution of the different genes/proteins within the cyanobacteria phylum raises the hypothesis that cyanobacterial EPS production may not strictly follow one of the pathways previously characterized. Moreover, for the proteins involved in EPS polymerization, amino acid patterns were defined and validated constituting a novel and robust tool to identify proteins with similar functions and giving a first insight to which polymer biosynthesis they are related to.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 45/43
/ 704/172
/ ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - genetics
/ ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - metabolism
/ Bacterial Proteins - genetics
/ Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
/ Carrier Proteins - metabolism
/ Extracellular Space - metabolism
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
/ Genomes
/ Harbors
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Macromolecular Substances - metabolism
/ Polymers
/ Prochlorococcus - classification
/ Prochlorococcus - metabolism
/ Proteins
/ Science
/ Sulfates
