Journal Article

Preventive Effects and Mechanisms of Garlic on Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis

Liu, Zhuying, Nakasone, Yasushi, Sakao, Kozue, Xie, Kun, Hou, De-Xing, Chen, Keyu, Hossain, Md. Amzad

2019

Overview

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) contains prebiotic components, fructans, antibacterial compounds, and organosulfur compounds. The complex ingredients of garlic seem to impart a paradoxical result on the gut microbiome. In this study, we used a mouse model to clarify the effects of whole garlic on the gut microbiome. C57BL/6N male mice were fed with or without whole garlic in normal diet (ND) or in high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Supplementation with whole garlic attenuated HFD-enhanced ratio of serum GPT/GOT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase/glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), levels of T-Cho (total cholesterol) and LDLs (low-density lipoproteins), and index of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), but had no significant effect in the levels of serum HDL-c (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), TG (total triacylglycerol), and glucose. Moreover, garlic supplementation meliorated the HFD-reduced ratio of villus height/crypt depth, cecum weight, and the concentration of cecal organic acids. Finally, gut microbiota characterization by high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that whole garlic supplementation increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiome, especially increasing the relative abundance of f_Lachnospiraceae and reducing the relative abundance of g_Prevotella. Taken together, our data demonstrated that whole garlic supplementation could meliorate the HFD-induced dyslipidemia and disturbance of gut microbiome.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,MDPI
• Subject: Age / alanine transaminase / Allium sativum / Amino acids / Animal Feed / animal models / Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Animals / antibiotics / aspartate transaminase / Bacteria - genetics / Bacteria - growth & development / Biomarkers - blood / Blood Glucose - metabolism / blood serum / Carbohydrates / cecum / Cellulose / Diet, High-Fat / Dietary fiber / Digestive system / Disease Models, Animal / Dysbiosis / Dyslipidemias - blood / Dyslipidemias - etiology / Dyslipidemias - prevention & control / Fasting / Food / fructans / Garlic / Gastrointestinal Microbiome / glucose / Gut microbiota / high density lipoprotein cholesterol / high fat diet / Host-Pathogen Interactions / hyperlipidemia / ingredients / Insulin resistance / intestinal microorganisms / Intestines - microbiology / Intestines - pathology / Lipids - blood / low density lipoprotein / Male / males / Metabolic disorders / mice / Mice, Inbred C57BL / Microbiota / Moisture content / organic acids and salts / organic sulfur compounds / Plant Roots / Prebiotics / Probiotics / ribosomal RNA / sequence analysis / species diversity / triacylglycerols / villi