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Describing viewpoints on human‐nature relationships to unveil socio‐environmental conflicts and support community‐based projects
Describing viewpoints on human‐nature relationships to unveil socio‐environmental conflicts and support community‐based projects
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Describing viewpoints on human‐nature relationships to unveil socio‐environmental conflicts and support community‐based projects
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Describing viewpoints on human‐nature relationships to unveil socio‐environmental conflicts and support community‐based projects
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Describing viewpoints on human‐nature relationships to unveil socio‐environmental conflicts and support community‐based projects
Describing viewpoints on human‐nature relationships to unveil socio‐environmental conflicts and support community‐based projects
Journal Article

Describing viewpoints on human‐nature relationships to unveil socio‐environmental conflicts and support community‐based projects

2025
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Overview
Socio‐environmental changes are threatening Indigenous peoples and local communities (IP&LC), hampering conservation efforts, jeopardizing biocultural diversity and escalating environmental injustice. This situation fostered both collaborative research projects showing the potential of engaging with IP&LC for conserving biocultural diversity, and ideas in sustainability science as the relevance of accounting for plural human‐nature relationships and nature values in decision making. The success of these initiatives, however, depends on unveiling socio‐environmental conflicts as a first step to dialogue and cooperation. We developed a tool to describe viewpoints on human‐nature relationships that underpin socio‐environmental conflicts based on a multicultural conceptual framework and Q‐methodology. To investigate its usefulness to unveil conflicts within community‐based projects, we applied it to community members and researchers working collaboratively in an artisanal fishing community in Brazil. By purposefully choosing 23 participants who ordered 44 statements producing distributions later analysed for correlations, we described three viewpoints on human‐nature relationships and, from them, the main socio‐environmental conflicts within the community. Two viewpoints associated with community members revealed contrasting standpoints about nature resulting from complex transformations—from resource‐dependent to tourism‐dependent—in the community. While some people whose occupations depend on outsiders wish to exploit and earn money with nature, others who depend exclusively on fishing fear that nature is under threat. These viewpoints allowed characterizing divergences that can limit collective organization within the community as well as shared desires for the future. One viewpoint was associated with researchers, highlighting differences between theirs and community members' conceptions. Although framed to a specific situation, given its replicable development and amplitude of its conceptual basis, the tool can be adapted to different contexts. By underscoring the diversity within local communities, our tool helps leaving behind idealized notions about them. It also facilitates reflexivity among researchers on how their viewpoints can impact their relationship with communities. As a way of collectively reflecting about local perspectives on human‐nature relationships, the tool facilitates collaboration and finding ways forward. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Resumo Mudanças socioambientais ameaçam povos indígenas e comunidades locais (PI&CL), prejudicando esforços de conservação, comprometendo a diversidade biocultural e aumentando a injustiça ambiental. Esta situação estimulou tanto projetos de pesquisa colaborativa, que vêm mostrando o potencial do engajamento com PI&CL para conservação da diversidade biocultural, como ideias em ciência da sustentabilidade a respeito da relevância de se considerar relações humano‐natureza e valores da natureza plurais na tomada de decisão. O sucesso destas iniciativas, entretanto, depende de revelarmos os conflitos socioambientais como primeiro passo para o diálogo e cooperação. Desenvolvemos uma ferramenta para descrever pontos de vista sobre as relações humano‐natureza das quais emergem conflitos socioambientais baseada em um esquema conceitual multicultural e na Metodologia‐Q. Para investigar sua utilidade em revelar conflitos em projetos de base comunitária, aplicamos a ferramenta em membros da comunidade e pesquisadores que trabalham colaborativamente em uma comunidade de pesca artesanal no Brasil. Selecionamos propositalmente 23 participantes, que ordenaram 44 afirmações, produzindo ordenações posteriormente analisadas por correlação. Identificamos três pontos de vista sobre as relações humano‐natureza e, a partir delas, os principais conflitos socioambientais na comunidade. Dois pontos de vista associados a membros da comunidade revelaram perspectivas contrastantes decorrentes de transformações complexas—de dependência da pesca para dependência do turismo—na comunidade. Algumas pessoas, cujas ocupações dependem do turismo, desejam explorar e lucrar com a natureza, enquanto outras, que dependem exclusivamente da pesca, temem que a natureza esteja ameaçada. Essas divergências podem limitar a organização coletiva, mas também encontramos pontos que revelam desejos comuns para o futuro. Um ponto de vista foi principalmente associado aos pesquisadores, destacando diferenças entre suas concepções e as da comunidade. Embora desenvolvida para uma situação específica, dado seu desenvolvimento replicável e a amplitude de sua base conceitual, a ferramenta pode ser adaptada a outros contextos. Ao enfatizar a diversidade em comunidades locais, a ferramenta ajuda a abandonar noções idealizadas sobre elas. Também facilita a reflexão dos pesquisadores sobre como suas visões impactam as relações com as comunidades. Como um modo de coletivamente refletir sobre as perspectivas locais sobre a natureza, a ferramenta facilita a colaboração e a identificação de possíveis caminhos para o futuro de comunidades locais. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.