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Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Glucose Metabolism: A Comprehensive Update on Biochemical and Therapeutic Features

by Capece, Umberto , Pontecorvi, Alfredo , Cinti, Francesca , Gasbarrini, Antonio , Moffa, Simona , Giaccari, Andrea , Di Giuseppe, Gianfranco , Nista, Enrico Celestino , Improta, Ilaria , Cefalo, Chiara M. A. , Mezza, Teresa

in Adipocytes / Alzheimer's disease / antioxidant activity / Antioxidants / Antioxidants - therapeutic use / Autoimmune Diseases - drug therapy / Biosynthesis / Carbon / Care and treatment / Dehydrogenases / Diabetes / Diabetic neuropathies / Diabetic Neuropathies - drug therapy / Diabetic neuropathy / Endoplasmic reticulum / Enzymes / Fatty acids / Female / Free radicals / Glucose / Glucose - therapeutic use / Glucose metabolism / Health aspects / Humans / Hypothalamus / insulin / Insulin Resistance / insulin secretion / Kinases / lipoic acid / metabolic syndrome / Metabolism / nerve tissue / obesity / Oxidative stress / Phosphorylation / polycystic ovary syndrome / Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - drug therapy / Review / risk / therapeutics / Thioctic Acid - therapeutic use

2022

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Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Glucose Metabolism: A Comprehensive Update on Biochemical and Therapeutic Features

2022

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Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Glucose Metabolism: A Comprehensive Update on Biochemical and Therapeutic Features

2022

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Journal Article

Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Glucose Metabolism: A Comprehensive Update on Biochemical and Therapeutic Features

Capece, Umberto,

Pontecorvi, Alfredo,

Cinti, Francesca,

Gasbarrini, Antonio,

Moffa, Simona,

Giaccari, Andrea,

Di Giuseppe, Gianfranco,

Nista, Enrico Celestino,

Improta, Ilaria,

Cefalo, Chiara M. A.,

Mezza, Teresa

2022

Overview

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural compound with antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties which has effects on the regulation of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. ALA is widely prescribed in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy due to its positive effects on nerve conduction and alleviation of symptoms. It is, moreover, also prescribed in other insulin resistance conditions such as metabolic syndrome (SM), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity. However, several cases of Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome (IAS) have been reported in subjects taking ALA. The aim of the present review is to describe the main chemical and biological functions of ALA in glucose metabolism, focusing on its antioxidant activity, its role in modulating insulin sensitivity and secretion and in symptomatic peripheral diabetic polyneuropathy. We also provide a potential explanation for increased risk for the development of IAS.

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Publisher

MDPI AG,MDPI

Subject

Adipocytes

/ Alzheimer's disease

/ antioxidant activity

/ Antioxidants

/ Antioxidants - therapeutic use

/ Autoimmune Diseases - drug therapy

/ Biosynthesis