Journal Article

Action Potential Dynamics During Spreading Depolarization

Vinokurova, Daria, Mingazov, Bulat, Khazipov, Roustem, Burkhanova-Zakirova, Gulshat, Nasretdinov, Azat

2026

Overview

Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are major pathophysiological events in several brain diseases, including migraine, brain ischemia, trauma, and epilepsy. However, the electrophysiological detection of SDs remains challenging. In this study, we examined changes in spikes (action potentials (APs) and action currents (ACs)) in layer 5 neurons of the somatosensory cortex of anesthetized rats during transient excitation at the onset of high-potassium-induced SDs. During whole-cell recordings, spike amplitude progressively decreased while spike duration increased during gradual neuronal depolarization at SD onset, culminating in depolarization block. A similar decrease in spike amplitude and increase in spike duration were observed during the pre-SD excitation phase in loose cell-attached recordings from single neurons and in cluster analysis of extracellular spikes. Multiple (non-clustered) unit activity also showed decrease in spike amplitude and spike broadening during pre-SD excitation. These findings suggest that dynamic changes in spike amplitude and duration at SD onset could serve as markers for SD detection.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
• Subject: Action potential / Action Potentials - physiology / Analysis / Animals / Bupivacaine / cortex / Cortical Spreading Depression - physiology / Dental cement / Depolarization / Digitization / Electrodes / Epilepsy / Firing pattern / Headache / Hyperactivity / Ischemia / Male / Migraine / neuron / Neurons / Neurons - physiology / patch-clamp / Patch-Clamp Techniques / Rats / Rats, Sprague-Dawley / Silicon / single unit activity / Somatosensory cortex / Somatosensory Cortex - physiology / spreading depolarization / Spreading depression / Traumatic brain injury / Unit activity