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The role of the local environment and epigenetics in shaping macrophage identity and their effect on tissue homeostasis
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The role of the local environment and epigenetics in shaping macrophage identity and their effect on tissue homeostasis
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Journal Article
The role of the local environment and epigenetics in shaping macrophage identity and their effect on tissue homeostasis
2016
Overview
In addition to their role in systemic innate immunity, macrophages have important tissue-specific roles. In this Review, Jung and colleagues discuss how differentiation and tissue-specific activation of macrophages are regulated.
Macrophages provide a critical systemic network cells of the innate immune system. Emerging data suggest that in addition, they have important tissue-specific functions that range from clearance of surfactant from the lungs to neuronal pruning and establishment of gut homeostasis. The differentiation and tissue-specific activation of macrophages require precise regulation of gene expression, a process governed by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin structure. We argue that epigenetic regulation of macrophages is determined by lineage- and tissue-specific transcription factors controlled by the built-in programming of myeloid development in combination with signaling from the tissue environment. Perturbation of epigenetic mechanisms of tissue macrophage identity can affect normal macrophage tissue function and contribute to pathologies ranging from obesity and autoimmunity to neurodegenerative diseases.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group US,Nature Publishing Group
