Journal Article

There is only one winner: The negative impact of red deer density on roe deer numbers and distribution in the Słowiński National Park and its vicinity

Święczkowska, Justyna, Borkowski, Jakub, Jurkiewicz‐Azab, Jolanta, Banul, Rafał, Hołdyński, Czesław, Załuski, Dariusz, Nasiadko, Maciej

2021

Overview

Red and roe deer are the most numerous cervids in Europe, and they occur in sympatry in most regions. Roe deer were considered to be an inferior competitor in studies in which they co‐occurred with fallow deer or muntjac. Despite the remarkable overlap of their ranges, there are few studies on the competition between the red and roe deer. Since interspecific interactions among ungulates are often related to their mutual densities, the current study focused on the effects of high red deer density on the roe deer numbers and spatial distribution in the unhunted Słowiński National Park (SNP) in northern Poland and forest districts open to hunting bordering the park. Using fecal pellet group counts, it was found that in the forest districts (where red deer densities were 2–3 times lower than in the SNP), roe deer densities were significantly higher than in the park. The red‐to‐roe deer density ratio was 10.8 and 2.7, in the SNP and the surrounding forest districts, respectively. Moreover, in the SNP, the roe deer distribution was negatively affected by the red deer habitat use, while in the hunting areas, such an effect was not recorded. The negative influence of the red deer on the roe deer population in the park was most probably due to the red deer impact on food availability. The biomass of the plant groups forming the staple food of the roe deer (Rubus spp., forbs, dwarf shrubs) was significantly higher in the fenced plots than in the unfenced ones. Lack of hunting in the protected areas may benefit only some species in ungulate assemblages which, in turn, may contradict one of their objectives—to maintain viable and ecologically functional populations. The manuscript describes (as one of the first examples) the negative impact of high red deer density on roe deer population. The impact is through resource competition. It is worth to mention that both species are, except for wild boar, the most numerous large herbivore species in Europe. ​

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc,Wiley
• Subject: Animal behavior / Cervus elaphus / Competition / Deer / Density ratio / Food / Food availability / Forbs / Habitat utilization / Habitats / Herbivores / Hunting / interspecific competition / Interspecific relationships / National parks / Original Research / population density / Protected areas / red deer / roe deer / Shrubs / Spatial distribution / Sympatry / ungulate assemblage / Ungulates