Journal Article

Risk factors for Candida urinary tract infections in dogs and cats

Kass, Philip H., Sykes, Jane E., Reagan, Krystle L., Dear, Jonathan D.

2019

Overview

Abstract Background Candida urinary tract infections occur in both dogs in cats but there is limited data about risk factors. Objective To identify risk factors for candiduria in dogs in cats. Animals Eighteen dogs and 8 cats with candiduria. Methods A retrospective case-control study, using univariate exact logistic regression. Medical records were searched for a diagnosis of Candida and animals with culture-confirmed candiduria were enrolled. Controls had bacterial cystitis (dogs and cats) or cutaneous Malassezia infection (dogs only). Results Administration of antibacterial drugs in the 30 days before diagnosis was associated with candiduria in dogs compared to controls with bacterial cystitis (OR 14.5; 95% CI 3.1-66.9) or with Malassezia infection (OR 26.4; 95% CI 3.4-206.7). Antecedent antibacterial drug administration was associated with candiduria in cats (OR 15.7; 95% CI 1.9-132.3). Immunosuppression was associated with candiduria in dogs when compared to controls with Malassezia infection (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.4-12.8), but not significantly when compared to dogs with bacterial cystitis (OR 2.7, 95% CI 0.9-8.0). Lower urinary tract diseases other than infection were associated with candiduria in cats (OR 6.7, 95% CI 1.6-27.9), but not significantly in dogs (OR 2.5, 95% CI 0.7-8.7). Neither diabetes mellitus nor history of hospitalization was significantly associated with candiduria in either species. Conclusions and clinical importance The recent administration of antibacterial drug therapy is a potential risk factor for development of candiduria in dogs and cats. Judicious use of antibacterial drugs might help to prevent candiduria.

• Publisher: Oxford University Press,John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subject: Animals / Anti-Bacterial Agents - adverse effects / Antibiotics / California - epidemiology / Candida / candidiasis / Candidiasis - epidemiology / Candidiasis - veterinary / candiduria / Case-Control Studies / Cat Diseases - epidemiology / Cat Diseases - etiology / Cat Diseases - microbiology / Cat Diseases - urine / Catheters / Cats / cystitis / Diabetes / diabetes mellitus / Disease / dog diseases / Dog Diseases - epidemiology / Dog Diseases - etiology / Dog Diseases - microbiology / Dog Diseases - urine / Dogs / drug therapy / Female / fungal / Fungal infections / Hospitalization / immunosuppression / Immunosuppression - veterinary / Intubation / Malassezia / Male / Medical records / opportunistic infection / Records - veterinary / regression analysis / Retrospective Studies / Risk Factors / SMALL ANIMAL / Studies / Urinary tract diseases / Urinary tract infections / Urinary Tract Infections - epidemiology / Urinary Tract Infections - veterinary / Urine / Urogenital system