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Crystal Two: The Origin of Iqaluit
Crystal Two: The Origin of Iqaluit
Journal Article

Crystal Two: The Origin of Iqaluit

2003
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Overview
Iqaluit is unique among Canadian Arctic communities in that it originated not from a commercial venture, such as mining or the fur trade, or as a government administrative centre, but as a Second World War military airfield. This airfield, though never fully used for its intended purpose as a refueling base for short-range military aircraft en route from America to Great Britain, is the cornerstone of the city of Iqaluit. It opened the region to development during the postwar years. As a result, Iqaluit became a key transportation and communication hub for the eastern Arctic and, ultimately, the capital city of the new territory of Nunavut. This survey of Iqaluit's wartime origins and subsequent development focuses on four topics. The first is the pre-war and wartime effort to establish an air route from North America to Europe via the Arctic; the second, the world events that precipitated construction of a series of northern airfields, including Crystal Two, that would form the links in the Crimson Air Route. The third is the importance of the Crystal Two airfield for the postwar development of Iqaluit, and the final focus is on the resourceful individuals who pulled it all together, overcoming a myriad of apparently insurmountable obstacles to complete their mission. /// Iqaluit est unique en son genre au Canada en ce qu' elle n' a pas vu le jour à la suite d'une entreprise commerciale, comme l'exploitation minière ou la traite des fourrures, ou encore en tant que centre de l'administration gouvernementale, mais comme terrain d'aviation militaire durant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Bien qu'il n'ait jamais servi complètement son but prévu de base de ravitaillement en carburant pour les avions militaires à court rayon d'action volant entre l'Amérique et la Grande-Bretagne, ce terrain d'aviation est la pierre angulaire de la ville d'Iqaluit. Il a ouvert la région au développement durant les années de l'aprèsguerre, faisant ainsi d'Iqaluit une plaque tournante majeure du transport et des communications dans l'Arctique oriental et, en fin de compte, la capitale du nouveau territoire du Nunavut. Cette étude sur les origines d'Iqaluit durant la guerre et son évolution subséquente se concentre sur quatre grands éléments. Le premier est l'effort avant et durant la guerre visant à établir une route aérienne entre l'Amérique du Nord et l'Europe via l'Arctique; le second, les événements mondiaux qui précipitèrent la construction d'une série de terrains d'aviation dans le Nord -y compris Crystal Two -qui allaient créer les relais de la route aérienne Crimson. Le troisième est l'importance du terrain d'aviation Crystal Two pour le développement d' Iqaluit après la guerre, et le dernier concerne les individus ingénieux qui ont mené à bien le projet, tout en étant confrontés à une myriade d'obstacles apparemment insurmontables pour accomplir leur mission.
Publisher
The Arctic Institute of North America,Arctic Institute of North America of the University of Calgary,Arctic Institute of North America