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Electricity- and hydrogen-driven energy system sector-coupling in net-zero CO2 emission pathways
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Electricity- and hydrogen-driven energy system sector-coupling in net-zero CO2 emission pathways
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Journal Article
Electricity- and hydrogen-driven energy system sector-coupling in net-zero CO2 emission pathways
2025
Overview
Electricity- and hydrogen-based sector coupling contributes to realizing the transition towards greenhouse gas neutrality in the European energy system. Energy system and integrated assessment models show that, to follow pathways compatible with the European policy target of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, large amounts of renewable electricity and H
2
need to be generated, mostly by scaling-up wind and solar energy production capacity. With a set of such models, under jointly adopted deep decarbonisation scenario assumptions, we here show that the ensuing direct penetration of electricity and H
2
in final energy consumption may rise to average shares of around 60% and 6%, respectively, by 2050. We demonstrate that electrification proves the most cost-efficient decarbonisation route in all economic sectors, while the direct use of H
2
in final energy consumption provides a relatively small, though essential, contribution to deep decarbonisation. We conclude that the variance observed across results from different models reflects the uncertainties that abound in the shape of deep decarbonisation pathways, in particular with regard to the role of H
2
.
Multiple energy system models are used under jointly adopted deep decarbonisation scenarios to conclude that the direct penetration of electricity and hydrogen in final energy consumption may rise to shares of, respectively, 60% and 6%, in Europe by 2050.
