Journal Article

A kilonova following a long-duration gamma-ray burst at 350 Mpc

Sears, Huei M., Laskar, Tanmoy, Malesani, Daniele B., Levan, Andrew J., Thöne, Christina C., Sand, David J., Nicholl, Matt, De Pasquale, Massimiliano, Escorial, Alicia Rouco, Fynbo, Johan P. U., Rossi, Andrea, Marini, Ester, Schroeder, Genevieve, Cobb, Bethany E., de Ugarte Postigo, Antonio, Rastinejad, Jillian C., Jencson, Jacob, Blanchard, Peter K., Fernández, José Feliciano Agüí, Smith, Nathan, Nugent, Anya E., Oates, Samantha R., Berger, Edo, Izzo, Luca, Kilpatrick, Charles D., Gompertz, Benjamin P., Moore, Christopher J., Metzger, Brian D., Kann, D. Alexander, Chornock, Ryan, Tanvir, Nial R., Paterson, Kerry, Fong, Wen-fai, Lamb, Gavin P., Ravasio, Maria Edvige

2022

Overview

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are divided into two populations 1 , 2 ; long GRBs that derive from the core collapse of massive stars (for example, ref.  3 ) and short GRBs that form in the merger of two compact objects 4 , 5 . Although it is common to divide the two populations at a gamma-ray duration of 2 s, classification based on duration does not always map to the progenitor. Notably, GRBs with short (≲2 s) spikes of prompt gamma-ray emission followed by prolonged, spectrally softer extended emission (EE-SGRBs) have been suggested to arise from compact object mergers 6 – 8 . Compact object mergers are of great astrophysical importance as the only confirmed site of rapid neutron capture ( r -process) nucleosynthesis, observed in the form of so-called kilonovae 9 – 14 . Here we report the discovery of a possible kilonova associated with the nearby (350 Mpc), minute-duration GRB 211211A. The kilonova implies that the progenitor is a compact object merger, suggesting that GRBs with long, complex light curves can be spawned from merger events. The kilonova of GRB 211211A has a similar luminosity, duration and colour to that which accompanied the gravitational wave (GW)-detected binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817 (ref.  4 ). Further searches for GW signals coincident with long GRBs are a promising route for future multi-messenger astronomy. A possible kilonova associated with a nearby, long-duration gamma-ray burst suggests that gamma-ray bursts with long and complex light curves can be spawned from the merger of two compact objects, contrary to the established gamma-ray burst paradigm.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
• Subject: 639/33/34/4118 / 639/33/34/4121 / 639/33/34/4127 / Accretion disks / Astronomy / Astrophysics / Binary stars / Dwarfism / Emissions / Gamma emission / Gamma ray bursts / Gamma rays / Gravitation / Gravitational waves / Gravity / High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena / Humanities and Social Sciences / Humans / Kilonovae / Light / Light curve / Luminosity / Massive stars / multidisciplinary / Neutron stars / Nuclear capture / Nuclear fusion / Observatories / Osteochondrodysplasias / Physics / Science / Science (multidisciplinary) / Space telescopes / Star & galaxy formation / Stars & galaxies / Stars, Celestial / X-rays