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Journal Article
The role of MicroRNAs in human cancer
2016
Overview
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs that function in regulation of gene expression. Compelling evidences have demonstrated that miRNA expression is dysregulated in human cancer through various mechanisms, including amplification or deletion of miRNA genes, abnormal transcriptional control of miRNAs, dysregulated epigenetic changes and defects in the miRNA biogenesis machinery. MiRNAs may function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors under certain conditions. The dysregulated miRNAs have been shown to affect the hallmarks of cancer, including sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, activating invasion and metastasis, and inducing angiogenesis. An increasing number of studies have identified miRNAs as potential biomarkers for human cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targets or tools, which needs further investigation and validation. In this review, we focus on how miRNAs regulate the development of human tumors by acting as tumor suppressors or oncogenes.
MicroRNA dysregulation in cancer: mechanisms and significance
A recent review on microRNAs in cancer highlights their potential as biomarkers for human cancer diagnosis and prognosis. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and have well-established roles in the development and progression of cancer. MicroRNA dysregulation is observed in most human malignancies and contributes to many of the hallmarks of cancer, including sustained cell division, evasion of cell death, activation of metastasis and the development of new blood vessels. Yong Peng at Sichuan University in China and Carlo Croce at The Ohio State University in the USA review the mechanisms that lead to microRNA dysregulation and suggest that identifying the critical targets of microRNAs in cancer could accelerate the development of new treatment options. Moreover, microRNA expression profiling could be useful for detecting tumors and predicting clinical outcomes.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
