Journal Article

Nutritional adequacy according to carbohydrates and fat quality

Zazpe, Itziar, Bullo, Mónica, Bes-Rastrollo, Maira, Arós, Fernando, Martínez-González, Miguel Angel, Estruch, Ramón, Fiol, Miquel, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, Serra-Majem, Lluis, López-Sabater, M. Carmen, Sorlí, José Vicente, Covas, Mª Isabel, Pinto, Xavier, Ros, Emilio, Corella, Dolores, de la Corte, F. García, Schröeder, Helmut, Sánchez-Tainta, Ana, Gutierrez-Bedmar, Mario

2016

Overview

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between carbohydrate quality, fat quality or adherence to the Mediterranean diet and intake adequacy of 19 micronutrients in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) trial, a multicenter, randomized, controlled, parallel group and primary prevention trial conducted in Spain. METHODS: We assessed baseline dietary intake of 6,542 elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk through a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a validated 14-item Mediterranean diet (Med-diet) score. We used a multidimensional carbohydrate quality index (CQI) using four criteria and a fat quality index (FQI) according to the ratio (MUFA + PUFA)/(SFA + TFA). The probability of intake adequacy was calculated comparing the intakes to DRI, and also using the probabilistic approach. Absolute and adjusted probability of having inadequate intake for either ≥6 DRI or ≥8 DRI were estimated to assess nutritional adequacy according to quintiles of each index. RESULTS: The lowest prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake (≥8 DRI) was found in the highest quintile of CQI or Med-diet score, and in the lowest quintile of FQI (adjusted fold risk: 1.4, 3.4 and 10.2 respectively in comparison with the lowest quintile). P for trend <0.001 in three multivariable models. A higher CQI or Med-Diet score and a lower FQI were significantly associated with a lower fold risk of unmet EAR values. CONCLUSIONS: A multidimensional assessment of CQI can be a useful tool to evaluate the quality of carbohydrates. This score and a 14-item Med-diet score were positively related to overall micronutrient adequacy in elderly participants.

• Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Body Mass Index / carbohydrates / Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control / Chemistry / Chemistry and Materials Science / Diet, Mediterranean / Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage / Dietary Fats - administration & dosage / Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage / elderly / Energy Intake / Fatty Acids - administration & dosage / Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - administration & dosage / Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - administration & dosage / Female / food frequency questionnaires / food intake / Humans / Logistic Models / Male / Mediterranean diet / Micronutrients - administration & dosage / Middle Aged / Nutrition / nutritional adequacy / Nutritive Value / Original Contribution / Patient Compliance / polyunsaturated fatty acids / probability analysis / Reproducibility of Results / risk / Risk Factors / Spain / Surveys and Questionnaires / Trans Fatty Acids - administration & dosage