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A candidate redshift z ≈ 10 galaxy and rapid changes in that population at an age of 500 Myr
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A candidate redshift z ≈ 10 galaxy and rapid changes in that population at an age of 500 Myr
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Journal Article
A candidate redshift z ≈ 10 galaxy and rapid changes in that population at an age of 500 Myr
2011
Overview
Early galaxy revealed in Hubble data
An ultra-deep search through the full Hubble Ultra Deep Field data set has uncovered a galaxy with a redshift of
z
≈ 10, equivalent to an age of only 500 million years after the Big Bang. The data also provide strong constraints on the volume density of galaxies — and hence the star formation rate — at this time. The authors conclude that the star formation rate increased by a factor of ten in the time between z ≈ 10 and z ≈ 8, implying that this period in the heart of the reionization epoch was one in which galaxies were evolving very rapidly.
Here, the full two-year Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF09) data are used to conduct an ultra-deep search for
z
≈10 galaxies in the heart of the reionization epoch, only 500 million years after the Big Bang. One possible
z
≈10 galaxy candidate is found. It is also shown that regardless of source detections, the star formation rate density is much smaller (∼10%) at this time than it is just ∼200 million years later at
z
≈8. The 100–200 million years prior to
z
≈10 is clearly a crucial phase in the assembly of the earliest galaxies.
Searches for very-high-redshift galaxies over the past decade have yielded a large sample of more than 6,000 galaxies existing just 900–2,000 million years (Myr) after the Big Bang (redshifts 6 >
z
> 3; ref.
1
). The Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF09) data
2
,
3
have yielded the first reliable detections of
z
≈ 8 galaxies
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
that, together with reports of a γ-ray burst at
z
≈ 8.2 (refs
10
,
11
), constitute the earliest objects reliably reported to date. Observations of
z
≈ 7–8 galaxies suggest substantial star formation at
z
> 9–10 (refs
12
,
13
). Here we use the full two-year HUDF09 data to conduct an ultra-deep search for
z
≈ 10 galaxies in the heart of the reionization epoch, only 500 Myr after the Big Bang. Not only do we find one possible
z
≈ 10 galaxy candidate, but we show that, regardless of source detections, the star formation rate density is much smaller (∼10%) at this time than it is just ∼200 Myr later at
z
≈ 8. This demonstrates how rapid galaxy build-up was at
z
≈ 10, as galaxies increased in both luminosity density and volume density from
z
≈ 10 to
z
≈ 8. The 100–200 Myr before
z
≈ 10 is clearly a crucial phase in the assembly of the earliest galaxies.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
