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Lung adenocarcinoma patients with KEAP1 mutation harboring low immune cell infiltration and low activity of immune environment
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Lung adenocarcinoma patients with KEAP1 mutation harboring low immune cell infiltration and low activity of immune environment
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Journal Article
Lung adenocarcinoma patients with KEAP1 mutation harboring low immune cell infiltration and low activity of immune environment
2021
Overview
Background Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP1) has been identified as a cancer driver gene in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and increased evidence has given us clues about the association of KEAP1 mutation and immune characteristics. We assessed the association between KEAP1 mutation and tumor microenvironment in LUAD systematically. Methods With the data collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we evaluated the association of KEAP1 mutation with tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), including dendritic cell, CD8 T cell, CD4 T cell, neutrophil, B cells, and macrophage. Expression differences of the markers of those immune cells were also measured. We further compared the expression of antigen presentation genes and chemokines and the enrichment score of immune‐related pathways. Results KEAP1 mutation had significant association with lower TILs and cytotoxic T lymphocyte. Strikingly, almost all of antigen presentation genes and chemokine showed lower expression in KEAP1‐mutated tumors. Moreover, most of immune‐related pathways were less active in KEAP1‐mutated tumors. As expected, KEAP1‐wild type LUADs favored better overall survival after immunotherapy. Finally, one patient harboring KEAP1 mutation along with a lack of immune cells infiltration in tumor microenvironment failed to respond to checkpoint inhibitor despite high tumor mutational burden (TMB). Conclusions KEAP1 mutation has a significant effect on the tumor immune milieu of LUAD and may play as a predictive biomarker of immunotherapy for LUAD patients. Immune cells, the key markers of immune cells, and HLA molecules show significantly down‐expressed in KEAP1‐mutated LUADs. Not only the multiple immune‐related biological processes, but also the interaction between chemokines and their receptors have shown KEAP1 mutation could impair the immune pathways. KEAP1‐wild type LUADs favored better overall survival after immunotherapy.
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd,John Wiley & Sons, Inc,Wiley
Subject
Adenocarcinoma of Lung - genetics
/ Adenocarcinoma of Lung - immunology
/ Antigens
/ Humans
/ Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 - genetics
/ Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 - immunology
/ Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1
/ Kinases
/ Mutation
/ Original
/ Patients
/ Proteins
