Journal Article

Impact of opioid-free anaesthesia on postoperative nausea, vomiting and pain after gynaecological laparoscopy - A randomised controlled trial

Pöpping, Daniel, Weiss, Raphael, Massoth, Christina, Saadat-Gilani, Khaschayar, Schwellenbach, Judith, Wenk, Manuel, Küllmar, Mira

2021

Overview

Opioid-free anaesthesia may enhance postoperative recovery by reducing opioid-related side effects such as nausea, hyperalgesia or tolerance. The objective was to investigate the impact of multimodal opioid-free general anaesthesia on postoperative nausea, vomiting, pain and morphine consumption compared to the traditional opioid-based approach. This study was conducted as a prospective parallel-group randomised controlled trial. Perioperative Care. 152 adult women undergoing elective inpatient gynaecological laparoscopy. Patients were randomly assigned for opioid-free anaesthesia (Group OF) with dexmedetomidine, esketamine and sevoflurane or to have opioid-based anaesthesia (Group C) with sufentanil and sevoflurane. Primary outcome was the occurrence of nausea within 24 h after surgery. Patients were assessed for the incidence and severity of PONV, postoperative pain and morphine consumption and recovery characteristics. Patients in both groups had comparable clinical and surgical data. 69.7% of patients in the control group and 68.4% of patients in the opioid-free group met the primary endpoint (OR 1.06, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (0.53; 2.12) p = 0.86). The incidence of clinically important PONV defined by the PONV impact scale was 8.1% (Group C) vs 10.5% (OF); p = 0.57). Antiemetic requirements, pain scores and morphine consumption were equivalent in both groups. Postoperative sedation was significantly increased in group OF (p < 0.001), and the median length of stay at the post-anaesthesia care unit was 69.0 min (46.5–113.0) vs 50.0 (35.3–77.0) minutes in the control group (p < 0.001). Opioid-free multimodal general anaesthesia is feasible but did not decrease the incidence of PONV, or reduce pain scores and morphine consumption compared to an opioid-containing anaesthetic regimen. •This trial assessed opioid-free anaesthesia in comparison to opioid-based anaesthesia for gynaecological laparoscopy.•Both study groups did not differ with respect to postoperative nausea and vomiting, pain or morphine consumption.•Multimodal general anaesthesia was associated with an increased time to discharge from the post-anaesthesia care unit.

• Publisher: Elsevier Inc,Elsevier Limited
• Subject: Adult / Adults / Analgesics / Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects / Anesthesia / Anesthesia, General - adverse effects / Drug dosages / Ethics / Female / General anesthesia / Gynaecology / Gynecology / Humans / Hyperalgesia / Laparoscopy / Length of stay / Likert scale / Morphine / Multimodal anaesthesia / Narcotics / Nausea / Opioid-free anaesthesia / Pain management / Pain Medicine / Pain, Postoperative - epidemiology / Pain, Postoperative - etiology / Pain, Postoperative - prevention & control / Patients / Postoperative nausea and vomiting / Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting - chemically induced / Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting - epidemiology / Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting - prevention & control / Postoperative period / Prospective Studies / Recovery (Medical) / Statistical analysis / Surgery / Vomiting