Journal Article

Trade Liberalization and Growth: New Evidence

Wacziarg, Romain, Welch, Karen Horn

2008

Overview

A new data set of on openness indicators and trade liberalization dates allows the 1995 Sachs and Warner study on the relationship between trade openness and economic growth to be extended to the 1990s. New evidence on the time paths of economic growth, physical capital investment, and openness around episodes of trade policy liberalization is also presented. Analysis based on the new data set suggests that over the 1950–98 period, countries that liberalized their trade regimes experienced average annual growth rates that were about 1.5 percentage points higher than before liberalization. Postliberalization investment rates rose 1.5–2.0 percentage points, confirming past findings that liberalization fosters growth in part through its effect on physical capital accumulation. Liberalization raised the average trade to GDP ratio by roughly 5 percentage points, suggesting that trade policy liberalization did indeed raise the actual level of openness of liberalizers. However, these average effects mask large differences across countries.

• Publisher: Oxford University Press,World Bank,Oxford Publishing Limited (England)
• Subject: Accumulation / Averages / Capital / Capital formation / Capital investments / Datasets / Developing countries / Economic development / Economic growth / Economic growth rate / Economic policy / Economic reform / Economic theory / Free trade / Free trade and protection / GDP / Gross Domestic Product / International bank for reconstruction and development / International trade / Investment / Investments / LDCs / Liberalization / Macroeconomic reform / Nontariff barrier / Open economies / Openness / Per capita / Rates / Statistics / Studies / Tariffs / Trade / Trade development / Trade liberalization / Trade policy / Trade restrictions / World Bank