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Protein N-myristoylation: functions and mechanisms in control of innate immunity
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Journal Article
Protein N-myristoylation: functions and mechanisms in control of innate immunity
2021
Overview
Protein N-myristoylation is an important fatty acylation catalyzed by N-myristoyltransferases (NMTs), which are ubiquitous enzymes in eukaryotes. Specifically, attachment of a myristoyl group is vital for proteins participating in various biological functions, including signal transduction, cellular localization, and oncogenesis. Recent studies have revealed unexpected mechanisms indicating that protein N-myristoylation is involved in host defense against microbial and viral infections. In this review, we describe the current understanding of protein N-myristoylation (mainly focusing on myristoyl switches) and summarize its crucial roles in regulating innate immune responses, including TLR4-dependent inflammatory responses and demyristoylation-induced innate immunosuppression during Shigella flexneri infection. Furthermore, we examine the role of myristoylation in viral assembly, intracellular host interactions, and viral spread during human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. Deeper insight into the relationship between protein N-myristoylation and innate immunity might enable us to clarify the pathogenesis of certain infectious diseases and better harness protein N-myristoylation for new therapeutics.The relationship between protein N-myristoylation and innate immunity has emerged as an exciting area of research. Here, the recent progress of protein N-myristoylation and modulation in innate immune responses, including TLR4 inflammatory responses, demyristoylation-induced innate immunosuppression during Shigella flexneri infection, and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) assembly, intracellular host interactions and spread, is summarized.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Subject
