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An exploratory study investigating biomarkers associated with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP)
An exploratory study investigating biomarkers associated with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP)
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An exploratory study investigating biomarkers associated with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP)
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An exploratory study investigating biomarkers associated with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP)
An exploratory study investigating biomarkers associated with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP)

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An exploratory study investigating biomarkers associated with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP)
An exploratory study investigating biomarkers associated with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP)
Journal Article

An exploratory study investigating biomarkers associated with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP)

2022
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Overview
Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) is a rare lung disorder involving production of autoantibodies against endogenous granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). This study aimed to identify biomarkers that could be used to monitor for aPAP, particularly in patients treated with anti-GM-CSF antibodies. This was an exploratory, prospective, observational, single-center study. Pre-specified biomarkers were evaluated between baseline and Day 120 in serum/plasma, whole blood, sputum and exhaled breath condensate from patients with aPAP, healthy volunteers, and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma (not treated with anti-GM-CSF and with no evidence of aPAP). Pulmonary function tests were also performed. Overall, 144 individuals were enrolled (aPAP: n = 34, healthy volunteers: n = 24, COPD: n = 40 and asthma: n = 46). Plasma GM-CSF levels were lower, and Krebs von den Lungen 6 and GM-CSF autoantibody ranges were higher, in patients with aPAP compared with other populations. Surfactant proteins-A and -D, lactate dehydrogenase and carcinoembryonic antigen ranges partially or completely overlapped across populations. Most plasma biomarkers showed high sensitivity and specificity for detection of aPAP; GM-CSF and GM-CSF autoantibody concentrations demonstrated equivalent sensitivity for differentiating aPAP. In addition to characteristic GM-CSF autoantibodies, assessment of plasma GM-CSF may identify individuals at risk of developing aPAP. Trial registration: EudraCT, 2012-003475-19. Registered 23 July 2012— https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/ .