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Enhancement of lemongrass essential oil physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity by encapsulation in zein-caseinate nanocomposite
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Enhancement of lemongrass essential oil physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity by encapsulation in zein-caseinate nanocomposite
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Journal Article
Enhancement of lemongrass essential oil physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity by encapsulation in zein-caseinate nanocomposite
2024
Overview
Essential oils (EOs) represent a pivotal source for developing potent antimicrobial drugs. However, EOs have seldom found their way to the pharmaceutical market due to their instability and low bioavailability. Nanoencapsulation is an auspicious strategy that may circumvent these limitations. In the current study, lemongrass essential oil (LGO) was encapsulated in zein-sodium caseinate nanoparticles (Z-NaCAS NPs). The fabricated nanocomposite was characterized using dynamic light scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy. The antimicrobial activity of LGO loaded NPs was assessed in comparison to free LGO against
Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli,
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. Furthermore, their antibacterial mechanism was examined by alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, bacterial DNA and protein assays, and scanning electron microscopy. Results confirmed the successful encapsulation of LGO with particle size of 243 nm, zeta potential of – 32 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 84.7%. Additionally, the encapsulated LGO showed an enhanced thermal stability and a sustained release pattern. Furthermore, LGO loaded NPs exhibited substantial antibacterial activity, with a significant 2 to 4 fold increase in cell wall permeability and intracellular enzymes leakage versus free LGO. Accordingly, nanoencapsulation in Z-NaCAS NPs improved LGO physicochemical and antimicrobial properties, expanding their scope of pharmaceutical applications.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 639/925
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
/ Citral
/ Differential scanning calorimetry
/ E coli
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Klebsiella pneumoniae - drug effects
/ Oils, Volatile - pharmacology
/ Polymeric drug delivery system
/ Scanning electron microscopy
/ Science
/ Staphylococcus epidermidis - drug effects
/ Terpenes
/ Transmission electron microscopy
/ Zein
