Journal Article

Dopant-additive synergism enhances perovskite solar modules

Hu, Sixia, Peng, Jun, Dyakonov, Vladimir, Kinge, Sachin, Hu, Linhua, Brooks, Keith, Dai, Songyuan, Ding, Bin, Syzgantseva, Olga A., Romano-deGea, Jan, Fei, Zhaofu, Niu, Yunjuan, Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja, Bour, Jerome, Dyson, Paul J., Dörflinger, Patrick, Zhang, Xiaohong, Liu, Yan, Frederiksen, Lindsey E. K., Wirtz, Tom, Tirani, Farzaneh Fadaei, Syzgantseva, Maria A., Shibayama, Naoyuki, Ding, Yong, Audinot, Jean-Nicolas, Zhang, Song, Kanda, Hiroyuki, Yang, Guan-Jun, Zhang, Shunlin

2024

Overview

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are among the most promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties 1 , 2 . However, the lower efficiency, poor stability and reproducibility issues of large-area PSCs compared with laboratory-scale PSCs are notable drawbacks that hinder their commercialization 3 . Here we report a synergistic dopant-additive combination strategy using methylammonium chloride (MACl) as the dopant and a Lewis-basic ionic-liquid additive, 1,3-bis(cyanomethyl)imidazolium chloride ([Bcmim]Cl). This strategy effectively inhibits the degradation of the perovskite precursor solution (PPS), suppresses the aggregation of MACl and results in phase-homogeneous and stable perovskite films with high crystallinity and fewer defects. This approach enabled the fabrication of perovskite solar modules (PSMs) that achieved a certified efficiency of 23.30% and ultimately stabilized at 22.97% over a 27.22-cm 2 aperture area, marking the highest certified PSM performance. Furthermore, the PSMs showed long-term operational stability, maintaining 94.66% of the initial efficiency after 1,000 h under continuous one-sun illumination at room temperature. The interaction between [Bcmim]Cl and MACl was extensively studied to unravel the mechanism leading to an enhancement of device properties. Our approach holds substantial promise for bridging the benchtop-to-rooftop gap and advancing the production and commercialization of large-area perovskite photovoltaics. A synergistic dopant-additive combination strategy using methylammonium chloride as the dopant and a Lewis-basic ionic-liquid additive is shown to enable the fabrication of perovskite solar modules achieving record certified performance and long-term operational stability.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
• Subject: 639/301/299/946 / 639/4077/909/4101/4096/946 / Chlorides / Commercialization / Crystal defects / Decomposition / Dopants / Efficiency / Fabrication / Humanities and Social Sciences / Hydrogen bonds / Ionic liquids / Modules / multidisciplinary / NMR / Nuclear magnetic resonance / Optoelectronics / Perovskites / Photovoltaic cells / Photovoltaics / Room temperature / Science / Science (multidisciplinary) / Solar cells / Spectrum analysis / Stability / Synergism