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Ribosomes hibernate on mitochondria during cellular stress
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Journal Article
Ribosomes hibernate on mitochondria during cellular stress
2024
Overview
Cell survival under nutrient-deprived conditions relies on cells’ ability to adapt their organelles and rewire their metabolic pathways. In yeast, glucose depletion induces a stress response mediated by mitochondrial fragmentation and sequestration of cytosolic ribosomes on mitochondria. This cellular adaptation promotes survival under harsh environmental conditions; however, the underlying mechanism of this response remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that upon glucose depletion protein synthesis is halted. Cryo-electron microscopy structure of the ribosomes show that they are devoid of both tRNA and mRNA, and a subset of the particles depicted a conformational change in rRNA H69 that could prevent tRNA binding. Our in situ structural analyses reveal that the hibernating ribosomes tether to fragmented mitochondria and establish eukaryotic-specific, higher-order storage structures by assembling into oligomeric arrays on the mitochondrial surface. Notably, we show that hibernating ribosomes exclusively bind to the outer mitochondrial membrane via the small ribosomal subunit during cellular stress. We identify the ribosomal protein Cpc2/RACK1 as the molecule mediating ribosomal tethering to mitochondria. This study unveils the molecular mechanism connecting mitochondrial stress with the shutdown of protein synthesis and broadens our understanding of cellular responses to nutrient scarcity and cell quiescence.
Cells adapt to low glucose by halting protein synthesis and altering organelle shape. Here the authors showed that hibernating ribosomes tether to mitochondria and form arrays on the membrane, acting as a pro-survival mechanism in dormant yeast cells.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ Arrays
/ Glucose
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ mRNA
/ Proteins
/ Receptors for Activated C Kinase - chemistry
/ Receptors for Activated C Kinase - genetics
/ Receptors for Activated C Kinase - metabolism
/ RNA
/ rRNA
/ Schizosaccharomyces - chemistry
/ Schizosaccharomyces - genetics
/ Schizosaccharomyces - metabolism
/ Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins - chemistry
/ Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins - genetics
/ Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins - metabolism
/ Science
/ Stress, Physiological - drug effects
/ Survival
/ Tethers
/ tRNA
/ Yeast
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